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Achieving human-like reasoning in deep learning models for complex tasks in unknown environments remains a critical challenge in embodied intelligence. While advanced vision-language models (VLMs) excel in static scene understanding, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jinzhou Tang , Jusheng zhang , Sidi Liu , Waikit Xiu , Qinhan Lv , Xiying Li

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) rely on effective multimodal alignment between pre-trained vision encoders and Large Language Models (LLMs) to integrate visual and textual information. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shweta Mahajan , Hoang Le , Hyojin Park , Farzad Farhadzadeh , Munawar Hayat , Fatih Porikli

With recent progress in joint modeling of visual and textual representations, Vision-Language Pretraining (VLP) has achieved impressive performance on many multimodal downstream tasks. However, the requirement for expensive annotations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Zirui Wang , Jiahui Yu , Adams Wei Yu , Zihang Dai , Yulia Tsvetkov , Yuan Cao

Multimodal language models (MLMs) still face challenges in fundamental visual perception tasks where specialized models excel. Tasks requiring reasoning about 3D structures benefit from depth estimation, and reasoning about 2D object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Mahtab Bigverdi , Zelun Luo , Cheng-Yu Hsieh , Ethan Shen , Dongping Chen , Linda G. Shapiro , Ranjay Krishna

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of vision-language tasks, yet their internal processing dynamics remain underexplored. In this work, we introduce a probing framework to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zhuoran Yu , Yong Jae Lee

Multimodal large language models are typically trained in two stages: first pre-training on image-text pairs, and then fine-tuning using supervised vision-language instruction data. Recent studies have shown that large language models can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Lai Wei , Xiaozhe Li , Zihao Jiang , Weiran Huang , Lichao Sun

Transformer-based large language models exhibit groundbreaking capabilities, but their storage and computational costs are prohibitively high, limiting their application in resource-constrained scenarios. An effective approach is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jing Zhang , Shuzhen Sun , Peng Zhang , Guangxing Cao , Hui Gao , Xindian Ma , Nan Xu , Yuexian Hou

Embodied Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance and generalization in robotics, particularly within Vision-Language-Action frameworks. However, a significant gap remains between the high-level semantic focus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ruowen Zhao , Bangguo Li , Zuyan Liu , Yinan Liang , Junliang Ye , Fangfu Liu , Diankun Wu , Zhengyi Wang , Xumin Yu , Yongming Rao , Han Hu , Jun Zhu

The rapid development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), such as GPT-4o, marks a significant step toward artificial general intelligence. Existing methods typically align vision encoders with LLMs via supervised fine-tuning (SFT),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hai-Long Sun , Da-Wei Zhou , Yang Li , Shiyin Lu , Chao Yi , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , De-Chuan Zhan , Han-Jia Ye

Fine-tuning LLM-based text embedders via contrastive learning maps inputs and outputs into a new representational space, discarding the LLM's output semantics. We propose LLM2Vec-Gen, a self-supervised alternative that instead produces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Parishad BehnamGhader , Vaibhav Adlakha , Fabian David Schmidt , Nicolas Chapados , Marius Mosbach , Siva Reddy

While integrating speech encoder with LLM requires substantial data and resources, use cases face limitations due to insufficient availability. To address this, we propose a solution with a parameter-efficient adapter that converts speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jaekwon Yoo , Kunal Chandiramani , Divya Tadimeti , Abenezer Girma , Chandra Dhir

Recent advancements in Surgical Visual Question Answering (Surgical-VQA) and related region grounding have shown great promise for robotic and medical applications, addressing the critical need for automated methods in personalized surgical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Guankun Wang , Long Bai , Wan Jun Nah , Jie Wang , Zhaoxi Zhang , Zhen Chen , Jinlin Wu , Mobarakol Islam , Hongbin Liu , Hongliang Ren

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have showcased impressive skills in tasks related to visual understanding and reasoning. Yet, their widespread application faces obstacles due to the high computational demands during both the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Minjie Zhu , Yichen Zhu , Xin Liu , Ning Liu , Zhiyuan Xu , Chaomin Shen , Yaxin Peng , Zhicai Ou , Feifei Feng , Jian Tang

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in short video understanding tasks but face great challenges when applied to long video understanding. In contrast, Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit outstanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Hongchen Wei , Zhenzhong Chen

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) has transformed natural language processing, yet the challenge of efficient adaptation remains unresolved. Full fine-tuning achieves strong performance but imposes prohibitive computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Emily Jimin Roh , Hyojun Ahn , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Soohyun Park , Joongheon Kim

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) hold great promise for advanced reasoning at the intersection of text and images, yet they have not fully realized this potential. MLLMs typically integrate an LLM, a vision encoder, and a connector…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Nikita Rajaneesh , Thomas Zollo , Richard Zemel

Large-scale contrastive pre-training produces powerful Vision-and-Language Models (VLMs) capable of generating representations (embeddings) effective for a wide variety of visual and multimodal tasks. However, these pretrained embeddings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Nikolaos-Antonios Ypsilantis , Kaifeng Chen , André Araujo , Ondřej Chum

In this work, we introduce LLaDA-V, a purely diffusion-based Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) that integrates visual instruction tuning with masked diffusion models, representing a departure from the autoregressive paradigms dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zebin You , Shen Nie , Xiaolu Zhang , Jun Hu , Jun Zhou , Zhiwu Lu , Ji-Rong Wen , Chongxuan Li

Although instruction tuning is widely used to adjust behavior in Large Language Models (LLMs), extensive empirical evidence and research indicates that it is primarily a process where the model fits to specific task formats, rather than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yuanhao Zeng , Fei Ren , Xinpeng Zhou , Yihang Wang , Yingxia Shao

Word alignment over parallel corpora has a wide variety of applications, including learning translation lexicons, cross-lingual transfer of language processing tools, and automatic evaluation or analysis of translation outputs. The great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Zi-Yi Dou , Graham Neubig
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