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Large Language Models (LLMs) have played an important role in many fields due to their powerful capabilities.However, their massive number of parameters leads to high deployment requirements and incurs significant inference costs, which…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures face challenges such as high memory consumption and redundancy in experts. Pruning MoE can reduce network weights while maintaining model performance. Motivated by the recent observation of emergent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yanyue Xie , Zhi Zhang , Ding Zhou , Cong Xie , Ziang Song , Xin Liu , Yanzhi Wang , Xue Lin , An Xu

With the growing demand for deploying large language models (LLMs) across diverse applications, improving their inference efficiency is crucial for sustainable and democratized access. However, retraining LLMs to meet new user-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mingyu Yang , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Guihong Li , Vikram Appia , Emad Barsoum

Depth pruning improves the deployment efficiency of large language models (LLMs) by identifying and removing redundant layers. A widely accepted standard for this identification process is to measure the similarity between layers using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yuli Chen , Shuhao Zhang , Fanshen Meng , Bo Cheng , Jiale Han , Qiang Tong , Xiulei Liu

This work investigates distillation methods for large language models (LLMs) with the goal of developing compact models that preserve high performance. Several existing approaches are reviewed, with a discussion of their respective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Grigory Kovalev , Mikhail Tikhomirov

Overparametrized transformer networks are the state-of-the-art architecture for Large Language Models (LLMs). However, such models contain billions of parameters making large compute a necessity, while raising environmental concerns. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yang Zhang , Yawei Li , Xinpeng Wang , Qianli Shen , Barbara Plank , Bernd Bischl , Mina Rezaei , Kenji Kawaguchi

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as LLaMA and T5, have shown exceptional performance across various tasks through fine-tuning. Although low-rank adaption (LoRA) has emerged to cheaply fine-tune these LLMs on downstream tasks, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Mingyang Zhang , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen , Zhen Yang , Linlin Ou , Xinyi Yu , Bohan Zhuang

This paper presents the outcomes of fine-tuning Mistral 7B, a general-purpose large language model (LLM), for adaptive machine translation (MT). The fine-tuning process involves utilising a combination of zero-shot and one-shot translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Yasmin Moslem , Rejwanul Haque , Andy Way

With the rapid expansion of large language models (LLMs), the demand for memory and computational resources has grown significantly. Recent advances in LLM pruning aim to reduce the size and computational cost of these models. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zhendong Mi , Zhenglun Kong , Geng Yuan , Shaoyi Huang

We generalize deep self-attention distillation in MiniLM (Wang et al., 2020) by only using self-attention relation distillation for task-agnostic compression of pretrained Transformers. In particular, we define multi-head self-attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Wenhui Wang , Hangbo Bao , Shaohan Huang , Li Dong , Furu Wei

The challenge of reducing the size of Large Language Models (LLMs) while maintaining their performance has gained significant attention. However, existing methods, such as model distillation and transfer learning, often fail to achieve high…

The rise of large transformer models has revolutionized Natural Language Processing, leading to significant advances in tasks like text classification. However, this progress demands substantial computational resources, escalating training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Aishwarya Mirashi , Purva Lingayat , Srushti Sonavane , Tejas Padhiyar , Raviraj Joshi , Geetanjali Kale

As multimedia content expands, the demand for unified multimodal retrieval (UMR) in real-world applications increases. Recent work leverages multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to tackle this task. However, their large parameter size…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yibo Lyu , Rui Shao , Gongwei Chen , Yijie Zhu , Weili Guan , Liqiang Nie

Objective To develop soft prompt-based learning algorithms for large language models (LLMs), examine the shape of prompts, prompt-tuning using frozen/unfrozen LLMs, transfer learning, and few-shot learning abilities. Methods We developed a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Cheng Peng , Xi Yang , Kaleb E Smith , Zehao Yu , Aokun Chen , Jiang Bian , Yonghui Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown immense potential in enhancing various aspects of our daily lives, from conversational AI to search and AI assistants. However, their growing capabilities come at the cost of extremely large model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yingyu Liang , Jiangxuan Long , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Yufa Zhou

While large language models (LLMs) excel in many domains, their complexity and scale challenge deployment in resource-limited environments. Current compression techniques, such as parameter pruning, often fail to effectively utilize the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Deyuan Liu , Zhanyue Qin , Hairu Wang , Zhao Yang , Zecheng Wang , Fangying Rong , Qingbin Liu , Yanchao Hao , Xi Chen , Cunhang Fan , Zhao Lv , Zhiying Tu , Dianhui Chu , Bo Li , Dianbo Sui

Knowledge distillation (KD) has been a predominant method for compressing Large Language Models (LLMs). In this paper, we first revisit KD and Low-Rank Adaption (LoRA) and demonstrate that they follow the same paradigm. Inspired by this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Runming Yang , Taiqiang Wu , Jiahao Wang , Pengfei Hu , Yik-Chung Wu , Ngai Wong , Yujiu Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable advanced natural language processing but face deployment challenges on resource-constrained edge devices due to high computational, memory, and energy demands. Optimizing these models requires addressing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Jacob Sander , Brian Jalaian , Venkat R. Dasari

Advancements in Natural Language Processing are heavily reliant on the Transformer architecture, whose improvements come at substantial resource costs due to ever-growing model sizes. This study explores optimization techniques, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Tom Wallace , Naser Ezzati-Jivan , Beatrice Ombuki-Berman

The popularity of LLaMA (Touvron et al., 2023a;b) and other recently emerged moderate-sized large language models (LLMs) highlights the potential of building smaller yet powerful LLMs. Regardless, the cost of training such models from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Mengzhou Xia , Tianyu Gao , Zhiyuan Zeng , Danqi Chen