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In the short period since the release of ChatGPT, large language models (LLMs) have changed the software engineering research landscape. While there are numerous opportunities to use LLMs for supporting research or software engineering…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Stefan Wagner , Marvin Muñoz Barón , Davide Falessi , Sebastian Baltes

Recent work has shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) are not only a suitable tool for code generation but also capable of generating annotation-based code specifications. Scaling these methodologies may allow us to deduce provable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Samuel Teuber , Bernhard Beckert

Computing educators and researchers have used programming process data to understand how programs are constructed and what sorts of problems students struggle with. Although such data shows promise for using it for feedback, fully automated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-04 John Edwards , Arto Hellas , Juho Leinonen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often used as automated judges to evaluate text, but their effectiveness can be hindered by various unintentional biases. We propose using linear classifying probes, trained by leveraging differences between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Sharan Maiya , Yinhong Liu , Ramit Debnath , Anna Korhonen

Large language models (LLMs) are evolving fast and are now frequently used as evaluators, in a process typically referred to as LLM-as-a-Judge, which provides quality assessments of model outputs. However, recent research points out…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Hugo Silva , Mateus Mendes , Hugo Gonçalo Oliveira

Recently, there has been a growing trend of utilizing Large Language Model (LLM) to evaluate the quality of other LLMs. Many studies have fine-tuned judge models based on open-source LLMs for evaluation. While the fine-tuned judge models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hui Huang , Xingyuan Bu , Hongli Zhou , Yingqi Qu , Jing Liu , Muyun Yang , Bing Xu , Tiejun Zhao

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has drawn growing interest within the scientific community. LLMs can handle large volumes of textual data and support methods for evidence synthesis. Although recent studies highlight the potential of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Cauã Ferreira Barros , Marcos Kalinowski , Mohamad Kassab , Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance not only in natural language processing tasks but also in a great variety of non-linguistic domains. In diverse optimization scenarios, there is also a rising trend of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Beichen Huang , Xingyu Wu , Yu Zhou , Jibin Wu , Liang Feng , Ran Cheng , Kay Chen Tan

With the growing use of large language models(LLMs) as evaluators, their application has expanded to code evaluation tasks, where they assess the correctness of generated code without relying on reference implementations. While this offers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Jiwon Moon , Yerin Hwang , Dongryeol Lee , Taegwan Kang , Yongil Kim , Kyomin Jung

Large language models have shown good potential in supporting software development tasks. This is why more and more developers turn to LLMs (e.g. ChatGPT) to support them in fixing their buggy code. While this can save time and effort, many…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yacine Majdoub , Eya Ben Charrada

In this paper, we delve into the advancement of domain-specific Large Language Models (LLMs) with a focus on their application in software development. We introduce DevAssistLlama, a model developed through instruction tuning, to assist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Somnath Banerjee , Avik Dutta , Sayan Layek , Amruit Sahoo , Sam Conrad Joyce , Rima Hazra

As LLM-as-a-Judge emerges as a new paradigm for assessing large language models (LLMs), concerns have been raised regarding the alignment, bias, and stability of LLM evaluators. While substantial work has focused on alignment and bias,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Qiujie Xie , Qingqiu Li , Zhuohao Yu , Yuejie Zhang , Yue Zhang , Linyi Yang

The ever-increasing workload of digital forensic labs raises concerns about law enforcement's ability to conduct both cyber-related and non-cyber-related investigations promptly. Consequently, this article explores the potential and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Akila Wickramasekara , Frank Breitinger , Mark Scanlon

Document forgery poses a growing threat to legal, economic, and governmental processes, requiring increasingly sophisticated verification mechanisms. One approach involves the use of plausibility checks, rule-based procedures that assess…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Valentin Schmidberger , Manuel Eberhardinger , Setareh Maghsudi , Johannes Maucher

Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown a high capability in answering questions on a diverse range of topics. However, these models sometimes produce biased, ideologized or incorrect responses, limiting their applications if there is no…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Xiaotian Zhou , Di Tang , Xiaofeng Wang , Xiaozhong Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent an advanced evolution of earlier, simpler language models. They boast enhanced abilities to handle complex language patterns and generate coherent text, images, audios, and videos. Furthermore, they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Jun Huang , Jiawei Zhang , Qi Wang , Weihong Han , Yanchun Zhang

Reliably predicting the behavior of language models -- such as whether their outputs are correct or have been adversarially manipulated -- is a fundamentally challenging task. This is often made even more difficult as frontier language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Dylan Sam , Marc Finzi , J. Zico Kolter

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming vital tools that help us solve and understand complex problems by acting as digital assistants. LLMs can generate convincing explanations, even when only given the inputs and outputs of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Rohan Ajwani , Shashidhar Reddy Javaji , Frank Rudzicz , Zining Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) are known to produce varying responses depending on prompt phrasing, indicating that subtle guidance in phrasing can steer their answers. However, the impact of this framing bias on LLM-based evaluation, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yerin Hwang , Dongryeol Lee , Taegwan Kang , Minwoo Lee , Kyomin Jung