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Ensuring the safety and alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is crucial for generating responses that are beneficial to humanity. While LLMs have the capability to identify and avoid harmful queries, they remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yihua Zhou , Xiaochuan Shi

While automated vulnerability detection techniques have made promising progress in detecting security vulnerabilities, their scalability and applicability remain challenging. The remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Avishree Khare , Saikat Dutta , Ziyang Li , Alaia Solko-Breslin , Rajeev Alur , Mayur Naik

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) gives rise to ethical concerns about their performance, while opening new avenues for developing toxic language detection techniques. However, LLMs' unethical output and their capability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Xi Chen , Shuo Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to generate texts that pose risks of misuse, such as plagiarism, planting fake reviews on e-commerce platforms, or creating inflammatory false tweets. Consequently, detecting whether a text is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Xiao Yu , Yuang Qi , Kejiang Chen , Guoqiang Chen , Xi Yang , Pengyuan Zhu , Xiuwei Shang , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption across diverse applications due to their impressive generative capabilities. Their plug-and-play nature enables both developers and end users to interact with these models through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zongze Li , Jiawei Guo , Haipeng Cai

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks. However, their practical application in high-stake domains, such as fraud and abuse detection, remains an area that requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Joymallya Chakraborty , Wei Xia , Anirban Majumder , Dan Ma , Walid Chaabene , Naveed Janvekar

In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs). While their practical applications are now widespread, their potential for misuse, such as generating fake news and committing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Kaito Taguchi , Yujie Gu , Kouichi Sakurai

Agentic AI has been a topic of great interest recently. A Large Language Model (LLM) agent involves one or more LLMs in the back-end. In the front end, it conducts autonomous decision-making by combining the LLM outputs with results…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yuntong Zhang , Sungmin Kang , Ruijie Meng , Marcel Böhme , Abhik Roychoudhury

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, largely attributed to the intricate alignment process using human feedback. While alignment has become an essential training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Bocheng Chen , Hanqing Guo , Guangjing Wang , Yuanda Wang , Qiben Yan

Recently efforts have been made by social media platforms as well as researchers to detect hateful or toxic language using large language models. However, none of these works aim to use explanation, additional context and victim community…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Sarthak Roy , Ashish Harshavardhan , Animesh Mukherjee , Punyajoy Saha

Recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) have revealed remarkable generative capabilities and emerging self-regulatory mechanisms, including self-correction and self-rewarding. However, current detoxification techniques rarely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Kaituo Zhang , Zhimeng Jiang , Na Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are progressively being utilized as machine learning services and interface tools for various applications. However, the security implications of LLMs, particularly in relation to adversarial and Trojan attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Jiaqi Xue , Mengxin Zheng , Ting Hua , Yilin Shen , Yepeng Liu , Ladislau Boloni , Qian Lou

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLM) have emerged as pivotal tools in various applications. However, these models are susceptible to adversarial prompt attacks, where attackers can carefully curate input strings that mislead LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zhengmian Hu , Gang Wu , Saayan Mitra , Ruiyi Zhang , Tong Sun , Heng Huang , Viswanathan Swaminathan

Toxic content detection is crucial for online services to remove inappropriate content that violates community standards. To automate the detection process, prior works have proposed varieties of machine learning (ML) approaches to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Jiang Zhang , Qiong Wu , Yiming Xu , Cheng Cao , Zheng Du , Konstantinos Psounis

The emergence of large language models (LLMs), such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) used by ChatGPT, has profoundly impacted the academic and broader community. While these models offer numerous advantages in terms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zhicheng Dou , Yuchen Guo , Ching-Chun Chang , Huy H. Nguyen , Isao Echizen

Fostering a collaborative and inclusive environment is crucial for the sustained progress of open source development. However, the prevalence of negative discourse, often manifested as toxic comments, poses significant challenges to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Shyamal Mishra , Preetha Chatterjee

The burgeoning progress in the field of Large Language Models (LLMs) heralds significant benefits due to their unparalleled capacities. However, it is critical to acknowledge the potential misuse of these models, which could give rise to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Haolan Zhan , Xuanli He , Qiongkai Xu , Yuxiang Wu , Pontus Stenetorp

In machine learning, contamination refers to situations where testing data leak into the training set. The issue is particularly relevant for the evaluation of the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), which are generally trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Nicolas Yax , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer , Stefano Palminteri

Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by ChatGPT, have significantly reshaped text generation, particularly in the realm of writing assistance. While ethical considerations underscore the importance of transparently acknowledging LLM…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Teddy Lazebnik , Ariel Rosenfeld

Hate speech has emerged as a major problem plaguing our social spaces today. While there have been significant efforts to address this problem, existing methods are still significantly limited in effectively detecting hate speech online. A…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Keyan Guo , Alexander Hu , Jaden Mu , Ziheng Shi , Ziming Zhao , Nishant Vishwamitra , Hongxin Hu