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Evaluating Large Language Model (LLM) applications differs from traditional software testing because outputs are stochastic, high-dimensional, and sensitive to prompt and model changes. We present an evaluation-driven workflow - Define,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Daniel Commey

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to automated software testing, yet their ability to generalize beyond memorized patterns and reason about natural language bug reports remains unclear. We present a systematic evaluation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Irtaza Sajid Qureshi , Zhen Ming , Jiang

With the advent of WWW and outburst in technology and software development, testing the software became a major concern. Due to the importance of the testing phase in a software development life cycle, testing has been divided into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-02-22 A. Isabella , Emi Retna

This paper introduces UnitTenX, a state-of-the-art open-source AI multi-agent system designed to generate unit tests for legacy code, enhancing test coverage and critical value testing. UnitTenX leverages a combination of AI agents, formal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yiannis Charalambous , Claudionor N. Coelho , Luis Lamb , Lucas C. Cordeiro

Large language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in generating code, yet they often produce programs with flaws or deviations from intended behavior, limiting their suitability for safety-critical applications. To address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Merlijn Sevenhuijsen , Khashayar Etemadi , Mattias Nyberg

Recent advances in large language models for test case generation have improved branch coverage via prompt-engineered mutations. However, they still lack principled mechanisms for steering models toward specific high-risk execution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Khang Tran , Khoa Nguyen , Cristian Borcea , NhatHai Phan

A Large Language Model (LLM) represents a cutting-edge artificial intelligence model that generates coherent content, including grammatically precise sentences, human-like paragraphs, and syntactically accurate code snippets. LLMs can play…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Robson Santos , Italo Santos , Cleyton Magalhaes , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Code generation with Large Language Models (LLMs) has been extensively studied and achieved remarkable progress. As a complementary aspect to code generation, test case generation is of crucial importance in ensuring the quality and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Kefan Li , Yuan Yuan

Identifying the root cause of a bug remains difficult for many developers because bug reports often lack a bug reproducing test case that reliably triggers the failure. Manually writing such test cases is time-consuming and requires…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zhiwei Fei , Yue Pan , Federica Sarro , Jidong Ge , Marc Liu , Vincent Ng , He Ye

Today, most automated test generators, such as search-based software testing (SBST) techniques focus on achieving high code coverage. However, high code coverage is not sufficient to maximise the number of bugs found, especially when given…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Anjana Perera , Aldeida Aleti , Marcel Böhme , Burak Turhan

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown great promise in automating unit test generation, significantly reducing the manual effort required by developers. To effectively evaluate the capabilities of LLMs in this domain, it is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Dong Huang , Jie M. Zhang , Mark Harman , Qianru Zhang , Mingzhe Du , See-Kiong Ng

The unit testing of Deep Learning (DL) libraries is challenging due to complex numerical semantics and implicit tensor constraints. Traditional Search-Based Software Testing (SBST) often suffers from semantic blindness, failing to satisfy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zhengyu Zhan , Ye Shang , Jiawei Liu , Chunrong Fang , Quanjun Zhang , Zhenyu Chen

Design of large software systems requires rigorous application of software engineering methods covering all phases of the software process. Debugging during the early design phases is extremely important, because late bug-fixes are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Johann Schumann

Despite great advances in program synthesis techniques, they remain algorithmic black boxes. Although they guarantee that when synthesis is successful, the implementation satisfies the specification, they provide no additional information…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Amirmohammad Nazari , Souti Chattopadhyay , Swabha Swayamdipta , Mukund Raghothaman

Unit tests often lack concise summaries that convey test intent, especially in auto-generated or poorly documented codebases. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising solution, but their effectiveness depends heavily on how they are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Anamul Haque Mollah , Ahmed Aljohani , Hyunsook Do

Exploratory GUI testing is essential for software quality but suffers from high manual costs. While Multi-modal Large Language Model (MLLM) agents excel in navigation, they fail to autonomously discover defects due to two core challenges:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yifei Gao , Jiang Wu , Xiaoyi Chen , Yifan Yang , Zhe Cui , Tianyi Ma , Jiaming Zhang , Jitao Sang

Automated test generation is crucial for ensuring the reliability and robustness of software applications while at the same time reducing the effort needed. While significant progress has been made in test generation research, generating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Shaker Mahmud Khandaker , Fitsum Kifetew , Davide Prandi , Angelo Susi

The hallucination of code generation models hinders their applicability to systems requiring higher safety standards. One critical bottleneck in addressing code hallucination is the difficulty of identifying the functional correctness of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jaewoo Jeong , Taesoo Kim , Sangdon Park

This paper presents a detailed case study examining the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the construction of test cases within the context of software engineering. LLMs, characterized by their advanced natural language…

Unit testing is an essential component of the software development life-cycle. A developer could easily and quickly catch and fix software faults introduced in the source code by creating and running unit tests. Despite their importance,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Denivan Campos , Larissa Rocha , Ivan Machado