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Existing table question answering datasets contain abundant factual questions that primarily evaluate the query and schema comprehension capability of a system, but they fail to include questions that require complex reasoning and…

Advanced table question answering (TableQA) methods prompt large language models (LLMs) to generate answer text, SQL query, Python code, or custom operation, which impressively improve the complex reasoning problems in the TableQA task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhongyuan Wang , Richong Zhang , Zhijie Nie , Hangyu Mao

Despite recent advances in large language models (LLMs), most QA benchmarks are still confined to single-paragraph or single-document settings, failing to capture the complexity of real-world information-seeking tasks. Practical QA often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Jiwon Park , Seohyun Pyeon , Jinwoo Kim , Rina Carines Cabal , Yihao Ding , Soyeon Caren Han

Despite the strong language understanding abilities of large language models (LLMs), they still struggle with reliable question answering (QA) over long, structured documents, particularly for numerical reasoning. Financial annual reports…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yi-Cheng Wang , Wei-An Wang , Chu-Song Chen

Table Question Answering (TQA) presents a substantial challenge at the intersection of natural language processing and data analytics. This task involves answering natural language (NL) questions on top of tabular data, demanding…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yunjia Zhang , Jordan Henkel , Avrilia Floratou , Joyce Cahoon , Shaleen Deep , Jignesh M. Patel

Table Question Answering (TQA) aims to answer natural language questions about tabular data, often accompanied by additional contexts such as text passages. The task spans diverse settings, varying in table representation, question/answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wei Zhou , Bolei Ma , Annemarie Friedrich , Mohsen Mesgar

For large language models (LLMs) to be effective in the financial domain -- where each decision can have a significant impact -- it is necessary to investigate realistic tasks and data. Financial professionals often interact with documents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Varshini Reddy , Rik Koncel-Kedziorski , Viet Dac Lai , Michael Krumdick , Charles Lovering , Chris Tanner

In this work, we address question answering (QA) over a hybrid of tabular and textual data that are very common content on the Web (e.g. SEC filings), where discrete reasoning capabilities are often required. Recently, large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Fengbin Zhu , Ziyang Liu , Fuli Feng , Chao Wang , Moxin Li , Tat-Seng Chua

Table-based question answering (TableQA) is an important task in natural language processing, which requires comprehending tables and employing various reasoning ways to answer the questions. This paper introduces TableQAKit, the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Fangyu Lei , Tongxu Luo , Pengqi Yang , Weihao Liu , Hanwen Liu , Jiahe Lei , Yiming Huang , Yifan Wei , Shizhu He , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Recent advances in tabular question answering (QA) with large language models are constrained in their coverage and only answer questions over a single table. However, real-world queries are complex in nature, often over multiple tables in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Vaishali Pal , Andrew Yates , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke

Table Question Answering (TableQA) enables natural language interaction with structured tabular data. However, existing large language model (LLM) approaches face critical limitations: context length constraints that restrict data handling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Tong Wang , Chi Jin , Yongkang Chen , Huan Deng , Xiaohui Kuang , Gang Zhao

Question answering on free-form tables (a.k.a. TableQA) is a challenging task because of the flexible structure and complex schema of tables. Recent studies use Large Language Models (LLMs) for this task, exploiting their capability in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yuxiang Wang , Jianzhong Qi , Junhao Gan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have issues with document question answering (QA) in situations where the document is unable to fit in the small context length of an LLM. To overcome this issue, most existing works focus on retrieving the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jon Saad-Falcon , Joe Barrow , Alexa Siu , Ani Nenkova , David Seunghyun Yoon , Ryan A. Rossi , Franck Dernoncourt

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has unlocked great opportunities in complex data management tasks, particularly in question answering (QA) over complicated multi-table relational data. Despite significant progress, systematically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Zipeng Qiu , You Peng , Guangxin He , Binhang Yuan , Chen Wang

Table answering questions from business documents has many challenges that require understanding tabular structures, cross-document referencing, and additional numeric computations beyond simple search queries. This paper introduces a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Phuc Nguyen , Nam Tuan Ly , Hideaki Takeda , Atsuhiro Takasu

Visually-situated languages such as charts and plots are omnipresent in real-world documents. These graphical depictions are human-readable and are often analyzed in visually-rich documents to address a variety of questions that necessitate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Anran Wu , Luwei Xiao , Xingjiao Wu , Shuwen Yang , Junjie Xu , Zisong Zhuang , Nian Xie , Cheng Jin , Liang He

We propose a new model, DocHopper, that iteratively attends to different parts of long, hierarchically structured documents to answer complex questions. Similar to multi-hop question-answering (QA) systems, at each step, DocHopper uses a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Haitian Sun , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Question Answering over Tabular Data (Table QA) presents unique challenges due to the diverse structure, size, and data types of real-world tables. The SemEval 2025 Task 8 (DataBench) introduced a benchmark composed of large-scale,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Rishit Tyagi , Mohit Gupta , Rahul Bouri

Tabular data embedded in PDF files, web pages, and other types of documents is prevalent in various domains. These tables, which we call human-centric tables (HCTs for short), are dense in information but often exhibit complex structural…

Large Language Models (LLMs), excel in natural language understanding, but their capability for complex mathematical reasoning with an amalgamation of structured tables and unstructured text is uncertain. This study explores LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Pragya Srivastava , Manuj Malik , Vivek Gupta , Tanuja Ganu , Dan Roth
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