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Large language model-(LLM) based automated program repair (APR) techniques have shown promising results in resolving real-world GitHub issue tasks. Existing APR systems are primarily evaluated in unimodal settings (e.g., SWE-bench).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Kai Huang , Jian Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Chunyang Chen

Automated program repair is an emerging technology that seeks to automatically rectify bugs and vulnerabilities using learning, search, and semantic analysis. Trust in automatically generated patches is necessary for achieving greater…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Yannic Noller , Ridwan Shariffdeen , Xiang Gao , Abhik Roychoudhury

Automatic program repair seeks to generate correct code from buggy programs, with most approaches searching the correct program in a discrete, symbolic space of source code tokens. This symbolic search is fundamentally limited by its…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-27 André Silva , Gustav Thorén , Martin Monperrus

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on external tools such as search engines to solve complex agentic tasks that require reasoning and external knowledge retrieval. Recently, reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Peiran Xu , Zhuohao Li , Xiaoying Xing , Guannan Zhang , Debiao Li , Kunyu Shi

Process Reward Models (PRMs) provide step-level supervision to large language models (LLMs), but scaling up training data annotation remains challenging for both humans and LLMs. To address this limitation, we propose an active learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Keyu Duan , Zichen Liu , Xin Mao , Tianyu Pang , Changyu Chen , Qiguang Chen , Michael Qizhe Shieh , Longxu Dou

Large language models (LLMs) often generate code that is functionally correct but inefficient in runtime and memory. Prior approaches to improving code efficiency typically rely on absolute execution feedback, such as profiling a single…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Samira Hajizadeh , Suman Jana

Software vulnerabilities pose significant security threats, requiring effective mitigation. While Automated Program Repair (APR) has advanced in fixing general bugs, vulnerability patching, a security-critical aspect of APR remains…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Zanis Ali Khan , Aayush Garg , Qiang Tang

Automated Program Repair (APR) has recently benefited from large language models (LLMs). However, most LLM-based APR approaches still rely primarily on coarse end-to-end signals from test-suite outcomes to guide repair, providing limited…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Minh Le-Anh , Cuong Chi Le , Tien N. Nguyen

Automatic programming has seen increasing popularity due to the emergence of tools like GitHub Copilot which rely on Large Language Models (LLMs). At the same time, automatically generated code faces challenges during deployment due to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Michael R. Lyu , Baishakhi Ray , Abhik Roychoudhury , Shin Hwei Tan , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Automatically repairing software issues remains a fundamental challenge at the intersection of software engineering and AI. Although recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential for repository-level repair…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Fangwen Mu , Junjie Wang , Lin Shi , Song Wang , Shoubin Li , Qing Wang

Most programmers make mistakes when writing code. Some of these mistakes are small and require few edits to the original program -- a class of errors recently termed last mile mistakes. These errors break the flow for experienced developers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Harshit Joshi , José Cambronero , Sumit Gulwani , Vu Le , Ivan Radicek , Gust Verbruggen

Automated program repair is an emerging technology which consists of a suite of techniques to automatically fix bugs or vulnerabilities in programs. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the state of the art in program repair.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Xiang Gao , Yannic Noller , Abhik Roychoudhury

APIs are central to modern software development, yet composing new APIs from large libraries is difficult due to the exponential search space; traditional component-based synthesis relies on costly exploration and hand-crafted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hua Zhong , Shan Jiang , Sarfraz Khurshid

Memory-related errors in C programming continue to pose significant challenges in software development, primarily due to the complexities of manual memory management inherent in the language. These errors frequently serve as vectors for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Xiao Cheng , Zhihao Guo , Huan Huo , Yulei Sui

Scaling inference-time computation has substantially improved the reasoning capabilities of language models. However, existing methods have significant limitations: serialized chain-of-thought approaches generate overly long outputs,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Jiayi Pan , Xiuyu Li , Long Lian , Charlie Snell , Yifei Zhou , Adam Yala , Trevor Darrell , Kurt Keutzer , Alane Suhr

The automated program repair field has attracted substantial interest over the years, but despite significant research efforts, creating a system that works well for complex semantic bugs such as security vulnerabilities has proven…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Berkay Berabi , Alexey Gronskiy , Veselin Raychev , Gishor Sivanrupan , Victor Chibotaru , Martin Vechev

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong potential for Automated Program Repair (APR), yet most existing approaches remain unimodal and fail to leverage the rich diagnostic signals contained in visual artifacts such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xiaoxuan Tang , Jincheng Wang , Liwei Luo , Jingxuan Xu , Sheng Zhou , Dajun Chen , Wei Jiang , Yong Li

Inconsistent values are commonly encountered in real-world applications, which can negatively impact data analysis and decision-making. While existing research primarily focuses on identifying the smallest removal set to resolve…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Haoda Li , Jiahui Chen , Yu Sun , Shaoxu Song , Haiwei Zhang , Xiaojie Yuan

Scaling up inference-time compute has proven to be a valuable strategy in improving the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) without fine-tuning. An important task that can benefit from additional inference-time compute is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Aditi Mavalankar , Hassan Mansoor , Zita Marinho , Masha Samsikova , Tom Schaul

Automated Program Repair (APR) techniques have shown more and more promising results in fixing real-world bugs. Despite the effectiveness, APR techniques still face an overfitting problem: a generated patch can be incorrect although it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Xin Zhou , Bowen Xu , Kisub Kim , DongGyun Han , Thanh Le-Cong , Junda He , Bach Le , David Lo