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The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) and generative AI is fundamentally transforming information retrieval and processing on the Internet, bringing both great potential and significant concerns regarding content authenticity and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Michele Garetto , Alessandro Cornacchia , Franco Galante , Emilio Leonardi , Alessandro Nordio , Alberto Tarable

The ability to form, retrieve, and reason about memories in response to stimuli serves as the cornerstone for general intelligence - shaping entities capable of learning, adaptation, and intuitive insight. Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Brendan Hogan Rappazzo , Yingheng Wang , Aaron Ferber , Carla Gomes

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities but often produce inaccurate responses, as they rely solely on their embedded knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances LLMs by incorporating an external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Nitin Aravind Birur , Tanay Baswa , Divyanshu Kumar , Jatan Loya , Sahil Agarwal , Prashanth Harshangi

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) represents a significant advancement in artificial intelligence combining a retrieval phase with a generative phase, with the latter typically being powered by large language models (LLMs). The current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Florin Cuconasu , Giovanni Trappolini , Nicola Tonellotto , Fabrizio Silvestri

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a cornerstone of contemporary NLP, enhancing large language models (LLMs) by allowing them to access richer factual contexts through in-context retrieval. While effective in monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Leonardo Ranaldi , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

The retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables retrieval of relevant information from an external knowledge source and allows large language models (LLMs) to answer queries over previously unseen document collections. However, it was…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Mykhailo Poliakov , Nadiya Shvai

We propose a general feedback-driven retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) approach that leverages Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) to address the missing or imperfect synthesis of specific sound events in text-to-audio (TTA) generation.…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Junqi Zhao , Chenxing Li , Jinzheng Zhao , Rilin Chen , Dong Yu , Mark D. Plumbley , Wenwu Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are usually defined by the combination of a generator and a retrieval component that extracts textual context from a knowledge base to answer user queries. However, such basic implementations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Pietro Ferrazzi , Milica Cvjeticanin , Alessio Piraccini , Davide Giannuzzi

Large language models can answer questions about textbooks, lecture notes, and programming exercises more reliably when their answers are grounded in an explicit knowledge source. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a common approach:…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Tom Verhoeff

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a key means to effectively enhance large language models (LLMs) in many knowledge-based tasks. However, existing RAG methods struggle with knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks, because useful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Zhuoqun Li , Xuanang Chen , Haiyang Yu , Hongyu Lin , Yaojie Lu , Qiaoyu Tang , Fei Huang , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Yongbin Li

The existing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems face significant challenges in terms of cost and effectiveness. On one hand, they need to encode the lengthy retrieved contexts before responding to the input tasks, which imposes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Zheng Liu , Chenyuan Wu , Ninglu Shao , Shitao Xiao , Chaozhuo Li , Defu Lian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have swiftly emerged as vital resources for different applications in the biomedical and healthcare domains; however, these models encounter issues such as generating inaccurate information or hallucinations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Mingchen Li , Halil Kilicoglu , Hua Xu , Rui Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP), enabling diverse applications by integrating large-scale pre-trained knowledge. However, their static knowledge limits dynamic reasoning over external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Harshad Khadilkar , Abhay Gupta

Large language models (LLMs) have the remarkable ability to solve new tasks with just a few examples, but they need access to the right tools. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this problem by retrieving a list of relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Raviteja Anantha , Tharun Bethi , Danil Vodianik , Srinivas Chappidi

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to dynamically access external information, which is powerful for answering questions over previously unseen documents. Nonetheless, they struggle with high-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chi-Hsiang Hsiao , Yi-Cheng Wang , Tzung-Sheng Lin , Yi-Ren Yeh , Chu-Song Chen

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong semantic understanding, yet struggle when user instructions involve ambiguous or conceptually misaligned terms. We propose the Language Graph Model (LGM) to enhance conceptual clarity by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Wenchang Lei , Ping Zou , Yue Wang , Feng Sun , Lei Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in leveraging extensive external knowledge to enhance responses in multi-turn and agentic applications, such as retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). However, processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xiaoqiang Lin , Aritra Ghosh , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Anshumali Shrivastava , Vijai Mohan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior results across a wide range of tasks, and Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) is an effective way to enhance the performance by locating relevant information and placing it into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Zixuan Ke , Weize Kong , Cheng Li , Mingyang Zhang , Qiaozhu Mei , Michael Bendersky

This study develops a question-answering system based on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) using Chinese Wikipedia and Lawbank as retrieval sources. Using TTQA and TMMLU+ as evaluation datasets, the system employs BGE-M3 for dense vector…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Te-Lun Yang , Jyi-Shane Liu , Yuen-Hsien Tseng , Jyh-Shing Roger Jang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) complements the knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs) by leveraging external information to enhance response accuracy for queries. This approach is widely applied in several fields by taking its…