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We present Isabellm, an LLM-powered theorem prover for Isabelle/HOL that performs fully automatic proof synthesis. Isabellm works with any local LLM on Ollama and APIs such as Gemini CLI, and it is designed to run on consumer grade…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zhe Hou

Isabelle is a generic theorem prover, designed for interactive reasoning in a variety of formal theories. At present it provides useful proof procedures for Constructive Type Theory, various first-order logics, Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Lawrence C. Paulson

The synergy between deep learning models and traditional automation tools, such as built-in tactics of the proof assistant and off-the-shelf automated theorem provers, plays a crucial role in developing robust and efficient neural theorem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Haoxiong Liu , Jiacheng Sun , Zhenguo Li , Andrew C Yao

Time series analysis provides essential insights for real-world system dynamics and informs downstream decision-making, yet most existing methods often overlook the rich contextual signals present in auxiliary modalities. To bridge this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yushan Jiang , Wenchao Yu , Geon Lee , Dongjin Song , Kijung Shin , Wei Cheng , Yanchi Liu , Haifeng Chen

Autoformalization is the process of automatically translating from natural language mathematics to formal specifications and proofs. A successful autoformalization system could advance the fields of formal verification, program synthesis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Yuhuai Wu , Albert Q. Jiang , Wenda Li , Markus N. Rabe , Charles Staats , Mateja Jamnik , Christian Szegedy

Recently, a growing number of researchers have applied machine learning to assist users of interactive theorem provers. However, the expressive nature of underlying logics and esoteric structures of proof documents impede machine learning…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Yutaka Nagashima

Language models have become increasingly powerful tools for formal mathematical reasoning. However, most existing approaches rely exclusively on either large general-purpose models or smaller specialized models, each with distinct…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Nicolas Wischermann , Claudio Mayrink Verdun , Gabriel Poesia , Francesco Noseda

Formal mathematical reasoning remains a critical challenge for artificial intelligence, hindered by limitations of existing benchmarks in scope and scale. To address this, we present FormalMATH, a large-scale Lean4 benchmark comprising…

Neural Theorem Proving (NTP) employs LLMs to automate formal proofs in proof assistants. While LLMs have achieved relatively remarkable success in informal reasoning tasks using natural languages, the transition to mechanized formal theorem…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Qiyuan Xu , Renxi Wang , Peixin Wang , Haonan Li , Conrad Watt

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a successful paradigm for leveraging large language models (LLMs). However, it often struggles to generalize beyond the distribution of the provided demonstrations. A recent advancement in enhancing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Ukyo Honda , Tatsushi Oka

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in formal theorem proving, particularly on contest-based mathematical benchmarks like the IMO. However, these contests do not reflect the depth,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jiedong Jiang , Wanyi He , Yuefeng Wang , Guoxiong Gao , Yongle Hu , Jingting Wang , Nailin Guan , Peihao Wu , Chunbo Dai , Liang Xiao , Bin Dong

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly prominent in the field of artificial intelligence. These models not only excel in traditional vision-language tasks but also demonstrate impressive performance in contemporary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Xiaotian Han , Quanzeng You , Yongfei Liu , Wentao Chen , Huangjie Zheng , Khalil Mrini , Xudong Lin , Yiqi Wang , Bohan Zhai , Jianbo Yuan , Heng Wang , Hongxia Yang

Humans are able to understand and perform complex tasks by strategically structuring the tasks into incremental steps or subgoals. For a robot attempting to learn to perform a sequential task with critical subgoal states, such states can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Xinlei Pan , Eshed Ohn-Bar , Nicholas Rhinehart , Yan Xu , Yilin Shen , Kris M. Kitani

Thanks to their linguistic capabilities, LLMs offer an opportunity to bridge the gap between informal mathematics and formal languages through autoformalization. However, it is still unclear how well LLMs generalize to sophisticated and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Lan Zhang , Marco Valentino , Andre Freitas

Despite the syntactic fluency of Large Language Models (LLMs), ensuring their logical correctness in high-stakes domains remains a fundamental challenge. We present a neurosymbolic framework that combines LLMs with SMT solvers to produce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Vikash Singh , Darion Cassel , Nathaniel Weir , Nick Feng , Sam Bayless

Legal multi-label classification is a critical task for organizing and accessing the vast amount of legal documentation. Despite its importance, it faces challenges such as the complexity of legal language, intricate label dependencies, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Emily Johnson , Xavier Holt , Noah Wilson

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various fields, the efficiency of training and inference remains a major challenge. To address this issue, we propose SUBLLM, short for Subsampling-Upsampling-Bypass…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Quandong Wang , Yuxuan Yuan , Xiaoyu Yang , Ruike Zhang , Kang Zhao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Daniel Povey , Bin Wang

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) aims to reconstruct the reward function from expert demonstrations to facilitate policy learning, and has demonstrated its remarkable success in imitation learning. To promote expert-like behavior,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Shunyu Liu , Yunpeng Qing , Shuqi Xu , Hongyan Wu , Jiangtao Zhang , Jingyuan Cong , Tianhao Chen , Yunfu Liu , Mingli Song

We present an approach for testing student learning outcomes in a course on automated reasoning using the Isabelle proof assistant. The approach allows us to test both general understanding of formal proofs in various logical proof systems…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Frederik Krogsdal Jacobsen , Jørgen Villadsen

Test-time scaling has enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) with remarkable reasoning capabilities, particularly in mathematical domains, through intermediate chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning before generating final answers. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Binxin Gao , Jingjun Han