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We describe a new shadow tomography algorithm that uses $n=\Theta(\sqrt{m}\log m/\epsilon^2)$ samples, for $m$ measurements and additive error $\epsilon$, which is independent of the dimension of the quantum state being learned. This stands…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-05 Pulkit Sinha

The method of classical shadows heralds unprecedented opportunities for quantum estimation with limited measurements [H.-Y. Huang, R. Kueng, and J. Preskill, Nat. Phys. 16, 1050 (2020)]. Yet its relationship to established quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-19 Joseph M. Lukens , Kody J. H. Law , Ryan S. Bennink

Classical shadow tomography is a powerful randomized measurement protocol for predicting many properties of a quantum state with few measurements. Two classical shadow protocols have been extensively studied in the literature: the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Ahmed A. Akhtar , Hong-Ye Hu , Yi-Zhuang You

We propose a computational protocol for quantum simulations of Fermionic Hamiltonians on a quantum computer, enabling calculations which were previously not feasible with conventional encoding and ansatses of variational quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-15 Benchen Huang , Nan Sheng , Marco Govoni , Giulia Galli

We introduce Sketch Tomography, an efficient procedure for quantum state tomography based on the classical shadow protocol used for quantum observable estimations. The procedure applies to the case where the ground truth quantum state is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Xun Tang , Haoxuan Chen , Yuehaw Khoo , Lexing Ying

We develop a classical shadow tomography protocol utilizing the randomized measurement scheme based on hybrid quantum circuits, which consist of layers of two-qubit random unitary gates mixed with single-qubit random projective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Ahmed A. Akhtar , Hong-Ye Hu , Yi-Zhuang You

A contracted quantum eigensolver (CQE) finds a solution to the many-electron Schr\"odinger equation by solving its integration (or contraction) to the 2-electron space -- a contracted Schr\"odinger equation (CSE) -- on a quantum computer.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-05 Scott E. Smart , David A. Mazziotti

Quantum computers are promising tools for simulating many-body quantum systems due to their potential scaling advantage over classical computers. While significant effort has been expended on many-fermion systems, here we simulate a model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-17 Yuchen Wang , LeeAnn M. Sager-Smith , David A. Mazziotti

We generalize the classical shadow tomography scheme to a broad class of finite-depth or finite-time local unitary ensembles, known as locally scrambled quantum dynamics, where the unitary ensemble is invariant under local basis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Hong-Ye Hu , Soonwon Choi , Yi-Zhuang You

Classical shadows are a versatile tool to probe many-body quantum systems, consisting of a combination of randomised measurements and classical post-processing computations. In a recently introduced version of the protocol, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Riccardo Cioli , Elisa Ercolessi , Matteo Ippoliti , Xhek Turkeshi , Lorenzo Piroli

Mitigating errors in quantum information processing devices is especially important in the absence of fault tolerance. An effective method in suppressing state-preparation errors is using multiple copies to distill the ideal component from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Alireza Seif , Ze-Pei Cian , Sisi Zhou , Senrui Chen , Liang Jiang

Measuring global quantum properties-such as the fidelity to complex multipartite states-is both an essential and experimentally challenging task. Classical shadow estimation offers favorable sample complexity, but typically relies on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Qingyue Zhang , Dayue Qin , Zhou You , Feng Xu , Jens Eisert , You Zhou

Extracting classical information from quantum systems is of fundamental importance, and classical shadows allow us to extract a large amount of information using relatively few measurements. Conventional shadow estimators are unbiased and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 Zhenyu Cai , Adrian Chapman , Hamza Jnane , Bálint Koczor

Classical shadows are a computationally efficient approach to storing quantum states on a classical computer for the purposes of estimating expectation values of local observables, obtained by performing repeated random measurements. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-03 Saumya Shivam , C. W. von Keyserlingk , S. L. Sondhi

We revisit the pressure-induced metal-insulator-transition of solid hydrogen by means of variational quantum Monte Carlo simulations based on the antisymmetric shadow wave function. In order to facilitate studying the electronic structure…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-06-06 Francesco Calcavecchia , Thomas D. Kühne

In quantum information theory, the accurate estimation of observables is pivotal for quantum information processing, playing a crucial role in compute and communication protocols. This work introduces a novel technique for estimating such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Andrea Caprotti , Joshua Morris , Borivoje Dakić

We present a shadow-tomography-enhanced Non-Orthogonal Quantum Eigensolver (NOQE) for more efficient and accurate electronic structure calculations on near-term quantum devices. By integrating shadow tomography into the NOQE, the…

The measurement problem in quantum mechanics originates in the inability of the Schr\"odinger equation to predict definite outcomes of measurements. This is due to the lack of objectivity of the eigenstates of the measuring apparatus. Such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-26 Partha Ghose

Most non-relativistic interacting quantum many-body systems, such as atomic and molecular ensembles or materials, are naturally described in terms of continuous-space Hamiltonians. The simulation of their ground-state properties on digital…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-11 Friederike Metz , Gabriel Pescia , Giuseppe Carleo

A central problem in quantum mechanics involves solving the Electronic Schrodinger Equation for a molecule or material. The Variational Monte Carlo approach to this problem approximates a particular variational objective via sampling, and…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Daniel Freedman , Eyal Rozenberg , Alex Bronstein