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We derive a closed-form expression for all genus 1 Hurwitz numbers, and give a simple new graph-theoretic interpretation of Hurwitz numbers in genus 0 and 1. (Hurwitz numbers essentially count irreducible genus g covers of the sphere, with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ravi Vakil

We consider the moduli space $\mathfrak{M}_{g,n}$ of Riemann surfaces of genus $g\ge0$ with $n\ge1$ ordered and directed marked points. For $d\ge 2g+n-1$ we show that $\mathfrak{M}_{g,n}$ is homotopy equivalent to a component of the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Andrea Bianchi

Simple Hurwitz numbers enumerate branched morphisms between Riemann surfaces with fixed ramification data. In recent years, several variants of this notion for genus $0$ base curves have appeared in the literature. Among them are so-called…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-11-02 Marvin Anas Hahn , Jan-Willem M. van Ittersum , Felix Leid

Hurwitz spaces are moduli of isotopy classes of covers. A specific space is formed from a finite group G and C, r of its conjugacy classes and an equivalence relation \dagger. Components, interpret as a braid orbits on Nielsen classes.…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-09-12 Michael D. Fried

The well-known Zalcman conjecture, which implies the Bieberbach conjecture, states that the coefficients of univalent functions $f(z) = z + \sum\limits_2^{\infty} a_n z^n$ on the unit disk satisfy $|a_n^2 - a_{2n-1}| \le (n-1)^2$ for all $n…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Samuel L. Krushkal

Analogue of classical Hurwitz numbers is defined in the work for regular coverings of surfaces with marked points by seamed surfaces. Class of surfaces includes surfaces of any genus and orientability, with or without boundaries; coverings…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-09-25 A. V. Alexeevski , S. M. Natanzon

We introduce a natural structure of a semigroup (isomorphic to a factorization semigroup of the unity in the symmetric group) on the set of irreducible components of Hurwitz space of marked degree $d$ coverings of $\mathbb P^1$ of fixed…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-05-18 Vik. S. Kulikov

The unified product was defined in \cite{am3} related to the restricted extending structure problem for Hopf algebras: a Hopf algebra $E$ factorizes through a Hopf subalgebra $A$ and a subcoalgebra $H$ such that $1\in H$ if and only if $E$…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2014-02-24 A. L. Agore , G. Militaru

Let $S_{0}, S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ be connected Riemann surfaces and let $\beta_{1}:S_{1} \to S_{0}$ and $\beta_{2}:S_{2} \to S_{0}$ be surjective holomorphic maps. The associated fiber product $S_{1} \times_{(\beta_{1},\beta_{2})} S_{2}$ has…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2018-08-02 Ruben A. Hidalgo , Sebastian Reyes-Carocca , Angelica Vega

We solve the Hurwitz monodromy problem for degree-4 covers. That is, the Hurwitz space H_{4,g} of all simply branched covers of P^1 of degree 4 and genus g is an unramified cover of the space P_{2g+6} of (2g+6)-tuples of distinct points in…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2008-03-04 Daniel Allcock , Chris Hall

Let $X$ be a connected, compact complex manifold and $S\subset X$ a separating real hypersurface, so that $X$ decomposes as a union of compact complex manifolds with boundary $\bar X^\pm$. Let $\mathcal{M}$ be the moduli space of $S$-framed…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Andrei Teleman

In this paper we prove certain Hurwitz equivalence properties in $B_n$. Our main result is that every two Artin's factorizations of $\Delta_n ^2$ of the form $H_{i_1} ... H_{i_{n(n-1)}}, \quad F_{j_1} ... F_{j_{n(n-1)}}$ (with $i_k, j_k \in…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 M. Teicher , T. Ben-Itzhak

Hurwitz spaces parameterizing covers of the Riemann sphere can be equipped with a Frobenius structure. In this review, we recall the construction of such Hurwitz Frobenius manifolds as well as the correspondence between semisimple Frobenius…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-05-16 Petr Dunin-Barkowski , Paul Norbury , Nicolas Orantin , Alexandr Popolitov , Sergey Shadrin

We study harmonic morphisms of graphs as a natural discrete analogue of holomorphic maps between Riemann surfaces. We formulate a graph-theoretic analogue of the classical Riemann-Hurwitz formula, study the functorial maps on Jacobians and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-07-18 Matthew Baker , Serguei Norine

For a finite group $G$, the Hurwitz space $\mathcal{H}^{in}_{r,g}(G)$ is the space of genus $g$ covers of the Riemann sphere with $r$ branch points and the monodromy group $G$. In this paper, we give a complete list of primitive genus one…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-09 Haval M. Mohammed Salih

Several operations can be defined on the set of all linear recurrent sequences, such as the binomial convolution (Hurwitz product) or the multinomial convolution (Newton product). Using elementary techniques, we prove that this set equipped…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-28 Gessica Alecci , Stefano Barbero , Nadir Murru

Hurwitz numbers count branched covers of the Riemann sphere with specified ramification, or equivalently, transitive permutation factorizations in the symmetric group with specified cycle types. Monotone Hurwitz numbers count a restricted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-15 I. P. Goulden , Mathieu Guay-Paquet , Jonathan Novak

We shall consider the product of complex random matrices from the independent complex Ginibre ensembles. The product includes complex matrices $Z_i, Z_i^\dagger, \, i = 1, \ldots, n$ and $2n$ sources (complex matrices $C_i$ and $C_i^*$).…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-09-14 A. Yu. Orlov

Systems of polynomial equations over an algebraically-closed field K can be used to concisely model many combinatorial problems. In this way, a combinatorial problem is feasible (e.g., a graph is 3-colorable, hamiltonian, etc.) if and only…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-01-25 J. A. De Loera , J. Lee , P. Malkin , S. Margulies

We show that the structure of proper holomorphic maps between the $n$-fold symmetric products, $n\geq 2$, of a pair of non-compact Riemann surfaces $X$ and $Y$, provided these are reasonably nice, is very rigid. Specifically, any such map…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2018-11-05 Gautam Bharali , Indranil Biswas , Divakaran Divakaran , Jaikrishnan Janardhanan