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High-precision spectrophotometry is highly desirable in detecting and characterizing close-in extrasolar planets to learn about their makeup and temperature. For such a goal, a modest-size telescope with a simple low-resolution…
Scanning X-ray nanodiffraction microscopy is a powerful technique for spatially resolving nanoscale structural morphologies by diffraction contrast. One of the critical challenges in experimental nanodiffraction data analysis is posed by…
Tomography is a central tool in medical applications, allowing doctors to investigate patients' interior features. The Radon transform (in two dimensions) is commonly used to model the measurement process in parallel-beam CT. Suitable…
It has been seen recently that when probing a nanoscale object to determine, for example, size or position via light scattering, significant advantage in measurement precision can be gained from exploiting phase singularities in a…
We present an overview of the design of IRIS, an infrared (0.85 - 2.5 micron) integral field spectrograph and imaging camera for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). With extremely low wavefront error (<30 nm) and on-board wavefront sensors,…
XMS is a multi-channel wide-field spectrograph designed for the prime focus of the 3.5m Calar-Alto telescope. The instrument is composed by four quadrants, each of which contains a spectrograph channel. An innovative mechanical design -at…
The MARS scanner is designed for the x-ray spectroscopic study of samples with the aid of computer tomography methods. Computer tomography allows the reconstruction of slices of an investigated sample using a set of shadow projections…
Grating interferometer is a state of art x-ray imaging approach, which can simultaneously acquire information of x-ray attenuation, phase shift, and small angle scattering. This approach is very sensitive to micro-structural variation and…
3D Gaussian splatting (3DGS) has shown promising results in image rendering and surface reconstruction. However, its potential in volumetric reconstruction tasks, such as X-ray computed tomography, remains under-explored. This paper…
X-ray transition radiation can be used to measure the Lorentz factor of relativistic particles. Standard transition radiation detectors (TRDs) typically incorporate thin plastic foil radiators and gas-filled x-ray detectors, and are…
Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXD) is a surface sensitive X-ray investigation technique (or geometry configuration) that can reveal the structural properties of a film deposited on a flat substrate. The term grazing indicates that…
Grating spectra exhibit sharp variations of the scattered light, known as grating anomalies. The latter are due to resonances that have fascinated specialists of optics and physics for decades and are nowadays used in many applications. We…
Measuring the diffuse, highly-ionized baryonic content in galactic halos and the intergalactic medium through soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of active galactic nuclei is a main scientific objective of the Lynx X-ray Observatory mission…
The fields of view of Extremely Large Telescopes will contain vast numbers of spatial sampling elements (spaxels) as their Adaptive Optics systems approach the diffraction limit over wide fields. Since this will exceed the detection…
Diffractive optical elements such as periodic gratings are fundamental devices in X-ray imaging - a technique that medical, material science and security scans rely upon. Fabrication of such structures with high aspect ratios at the…
Radiance field methods represent the state of the art in reconstructing complex scenes from multi-view photos. However, these reconstructions often suffer from one or both of the following limitations: First, they typically represent scenes…
Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and ptychography have become mature tools for high-resolution, element-specific imaging of nanoscale structures. However, transmission geometries impose stringent constraints on sample thickness and…
Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) combines Raman spectroscopy with scanning probe microscopy to overcome the spatial resolution limitation imposed by light diffraction, offering a primary optical technique for the comprehensive study…
We present an overview of the design of IRIS, an infrared (0.84 - 2.4 micron) integral field spectrograph and imaging camera for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). With extremely low wavefront error (<30 nm) and on-board wavefront sensors,…
Correlated rotational alignment spectroscopy correlates observables of ultrafast gas-phase spectroscopy with high-resolution, broad-band rotational Raman spectra. This article reviews the measurement principle of CRASY, existing…