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Learning reward functions from data is a promising path towards achieving scalable Reinforcement Learning (RL) for robotics. However, a major challenge in training agents from learned reward models is that the agent can learn to exploit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Danfei Xu , Misha Denil

Machine unlearning aims to forget sensitive knowledge from Large Language Models (LLMs) while maintaining general utility. However, existing approaches typically treat all tokens in a response indiscriminately and enforce uncertainty over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Naixin Zhai , Pengyang Shao , Binbin Zheng , Yonghui Yang , Fei Shen , Long Bai , Xun Yang

Machine unlearning is an emerging field that selectively removes specific data samples from a trained model. This capability is crucial for addressing privacy concerns, complying with data protection regulations, and correcting errors or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Zitong Li , Qingqing Ye , Haibo Hu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in fields like robotics and autonomous driving, but adversarial attacks designed to mislead RL systems remain challenging. Existing approaches often rely on modifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Junyong Jiang , Buwei Tian , Chenxing Xu , Songze Li , Lu Dong

This study investigates the machine unlearning techniques within the context of large language models (LLMs), referred to as \textit{LLM unlearning}. LLM unlearning offers a principled approach to removing the influence of undesirable data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiahui Geng , Qing Li , Herbert Woisetschlaeger , Zongxiong Chen , Fengyu Cai , Yuxia Wang , Preslav Nakov , Hans-Arno Jacobsen , Fakhri Karray

The LLM unlearning aims to eliminate the influence of undesirable data without affecting causally unrelated information. This process typically involves using a forget set to remove target information, alongside a retain set to maintain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Hang Chen , Jiaying Zhu , Xinyu Yang , Wenya Wang

Large language model (LLM) unlearning has demonstrated effectiveness in removing the influence of undesirable data (also known as forget data). Existing approaches typically assume full access to the forget dataset, overlooking two key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Linxi Xie , Xin Teng , Shichang Ke , Hongyi Wen , Shengjie Wang

Adversarial attack has recently become a tremendous threat to deep learning models. To improve the robustness of machine learning models, adversarial training, formulated as a minimax optimization problem, has been recognized as one of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Yuanhao Xiong , Cho-Jui Hsieh

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements, drawing significant attention from the research community. Their capabilities are largely attributed to large-scale architectures, which require extensive…

Large Language Models (LLMs) often memorize sensitive or harmful information, necessitating effective machine unlearning techniques. While existing parameter-efficient unlearning methods have shown promise, they still struggle with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zeguan Xiao , Lang Mo , Yun Chen , Lei Yang , Jiehui Zhao , Lili Yang , Guanhua Chen

Despite extensive alignment efforts, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. To mitigate these risks, existing detection methods are essential, yet they face two major challenges: generalization and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Shuang Liang , Zhihao Xu , Jiaqi Weng , Jialing Tao , Hui Xue , Xiting Wang

We study how to perform unlearning, i.e. forgetting undesirable misbehaviors, on large language models (LLMs). We show at least three scenarios of aligning LLMs with human preferences can benefit from unlearning: (1) removing harmful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yuanshun Yao , Xiaojun Xu , Yang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are reshaping numerous facets of our daily lives, leading widespread adoption as web-based services. Despite their versatility, LLMs face notable challenges, such as generating hallucinated content and lacking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Minseok Kim , Hankook Lee , Hyungjoon Koo

Large language model (LLM) unlearning has demonstrated its essential role in removing privacy and copyright-related responses, crucial for their legal and safe applications. However, the pursuit of complete unlearning often comes with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yue Wang , Qizhou Wang , Feng Liu , Wei Huang , Yali Du , Xiaojiang Du , Bo Han

Large language models (LLMs) learn undesirable properties during pretraining, including dangerous knowledge and toxic text generation. Just as post-training uses different objectives to shape different behaviors, we argue that unlearning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Berk Atil , Vipul Gupta , Rebecca J. Passonneau

This paper describes LIBU (LoRA enhanced influence-based unlearning), an algorithm to solve the task of unlearning - removing specific knowledge from a large language model without retraining from scratch and compromising its overall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Aleksey Kudelya , Alexander Shirnin

Learning general representations of text is a fundamental problem for many natural language understanding (NLU) tasks. Previously, researchers have proposed to use language model pre-training and multi-task learning to learn robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Zi-Yi Dou , Keyi Yu , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Machine Unlearning (MU) has recently gained considerable attention due to its potential to achieve Safe AI by removing the influence of specific data from trained Machine Learning (ML) models. This process, known as knowledge removal,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ziyao Liu , Huanyi Ye , Chen Chen , Yongsen Zheng , Kwok-Yan Lam

Despite extensive diagnostics and debugging by developers, AI systems sometimes exhibit harmful unintended behaviors. Finding and fixing these is challenging because the attack surface is so large -- it is not tractable to exhaustively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Stephen Casper , Lennart Schulze , Oam Patel , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Despite remarkable achievements in deep learning across various domains, its inherent vulnerability to adversarial examples still remains a critical concern for practical deployment. Adversarial training has emerged as one of the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Junhao Dong , Xinghua Qu , Z. Jane Wang , Yew-Soon Ong
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