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Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to exhibit various biases and stereotypes in their generated content. While extensive research has investigated biases in LLMs, prior work has predominantly focused on explicit bias, with minimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yachao Zhao , Bo Wang , Yan Wang , Dongming Zhao , Ruifang He , Yuexian Hou

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence, particularly in Large Language Models (LLMs), have transformed natural language processing by improving generative capabilities. However, detecting biases embedded within these models remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Suvendu Mohanty

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to evolve, they are increasingly being employed in numerous studies to simulate societies and execute diverse social tasks. However, LLMs are susceptible to societal biases due to their exposure to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Angana Borah , Rada Mihalcea

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention for their remarkable performance in a continuously expanding set of natural language processing tasks. However, these models have been shown to harbor inherent societal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Abel Salinas , Louis Penafiel , Robert McCormack , Fred Morstatter

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate biased and toxic responses. Yet most prior work on LLM gender bias evaluation requires predefined gender-related phrases or gender stereotypes, which are challenging to be comprehensively collected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Xiangjue Dong , Yibo Wang , Philip S. Yu , James Caverlee

This paper investigates the subtle and often concealed biases present in Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on implicit biases that may remain despite passing explicit bias tests. Implicit biases are significant because they influence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Serene Lim , María Pérez-Ortiz

The widespread deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified concerns about subtle social biases embedded in their outputs. Existing guardrails often fail when faced with indirect or contextually complex bias-inducing prompts.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sina Salimian , Gias Uddin , Sumon Biswas , Henry Leung

Large Language Models have been shown to demonstrate stereotypical biases in their representations and behavior due to the discriminative nature of the data that they have been trained on. Despite significant progress in the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Kaveh Eskandari Miandoab , Mahammed Kamruzzaman , Arshia Gharooni , Gene Louis Kim , Vasanth Sarathy , Ninareh Mehrabi

Warning: This paper contains content that may be offensive or upsetting. There has been a significant increase in the usage of large language models (LLMs) in various applications, both in their original form and through fine-tuned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Jiaxu Zhao , Meng Fang , Shirui Pan , Wenpeng Yin , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Safety-aligned large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly widespread, especially in sensitive applications where fairness is essential and biased outputs can cause significant harm. However, evaluating the fairness of models is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Rom Himelstein , Amit LeVi , Brit Youngmann , Yaniv Nemcovsky , Avi Mendelson

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as Mistral and LLaMA have showcased remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Despite their success, these models inherit social biases from the diverse datasets on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nirmalendu Prakash , Lee Ka Wei Roy

This study introduces an innovative multilingual bias evaluation framework for assessing bias in Large Language Models, combining explicit bias assessment through the BBQ benchmark with implicit bias measurement using a prompt-based…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yuxuan Liang , Marwa Mahmoud

While advances in fairness and alignment have helped mitigate overt biases exhibited by large language models (LLMs) when explicitly prompted, we hypothesize that these models may still exhibit implicit biases when simulating human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Yuxuan Li , Hirokazu Shirado , Sauvik Das

Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in a wide range of applications, they have also been observed to perpetuate unwanted biases present in the training data, potentially leading to harm for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Schrasing Tong , Eliott Zemour , Jessica Lu , Rawisara Lohanimit , Lalana Kagal

Mitigating social bias in large language models (LLMs) has become an increasingly important research objective. However, existing debiasing methods often incur high human and computational costs, exhibit limited effectiveness, and struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xiaoqing Cheng , Ruizhe Chen , Hongying Zan , Yuxiang Jia , Min Peng

The growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) has amplified concerns regarding their inherent biases, raising critical questions about their fairness, safety, and societal impact. However, quantifying LLM bias remains a fundamental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Alireza Arbabi , Florian Kerschbaum

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit socio-economic biases that can propagate into downstream tasks. While prior studies have questioned whether intrinsic bias in LLMs affects fairness at the downstream task level, this work empirically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 'Mina Arzaghi' , 'Alireza Dehghanpour Farashah' , 'Florian Carichon' , ' Golnoosh Farnadi'

A significant barrier to the widespread adoption of Bayesian inference is the specification of prior distributions and likelihoods, which often requires specialized statistical expertise. This paper investigates the feasibility of using a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Yongchao Huang

Large Language Models(LLMs) have revolutionized various applications in natural language processing (NLP) by providing unprecedented text generation, translation, and comprehension capabilities. However, their widespread deployment has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Rajesh Ranjan , Shailja Gupta , Surya Narayan Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled at language understanding and generating human-level text. However, even with supervised training and human alignment, these LLMs are susceptible to adversarial attacks where malicious users can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Sahisnu Mazumder , Eda Okur , Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Nicole Beckage , Hsuan Su , Hung-yi Lee , Lama Nachman