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The ubiquity of deep learning algorithms in various applications has amplified the need for assuring their robustness against small input perturbations such as those occurring in adversarial attacks. Existing complete verification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Matthias König , Xiyue Zhang , Holger H. Hoos , Marta Kwiatkowska , Jan N. van Rijn

We improve the effectiveness of propagation- and linear-optimization-based neural network verification algorithms with a new tightened convex relaxation for ReLU neurons. Unlike previous single-neuron relaxations which focus only on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Christian Tjandraatmadja , Ross Anderson , Joey Huchette , Will Ma , Krunal Patel , Juan Pablo Vielma

The non-convex nature of trained neural networks has created significant obstacles in their incorporation into optimization models. In this context, Anderson et al. (2020) provided a framework to obtain the convex hull of the graph of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Pablo Carrasco , Gonzalo Muñoz

The robustness of deep neural networks is crucial to modern AI-enabled systems and should be formally verified. Sigmoid-like neural networks have been adopted in a wide range of applications. Due to their non-linearity, Sigmoid-like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Zhaodi Zhang , Yiting Wu , Si Liu , Jing Liu , Min Zhang

Convex relaxations have emerged as a promising approach for verifying desirable properties of neural networks like robustness to adversarial perturbations. Widely used Linear Programming (LP) relaxations only work well when networks are…

The robustness of a neural network to adversarial examples can be provably certified by solving a convex relaxation. If the relaxation is loose, however, then the resulting certificate can be too conservative to be practically useful.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-28 Richard Y. Zhang

Verification of neural networks enables us to gauge their robustness against adversarial attacks. Verification algorithms fall into two categories: exact verifiers that run in exponential time and relaxed verifiers that are efficient but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Hadi Salman , Greg Yang , Huan Zhang , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Pengchuan Zhang

Neural Networks (NNs) have increasingly apparent safety implications commensurate with their proliferation in real-world applications: both unanticipated as well as adversarial misclassifications can result in fatal outcomes. As a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Haitham Khedr , James Ferlez , Yasser Shoukry

Convex relaxations are effective for training and certifying neural networks against norm-bounded adversarial attacks, but they leave a large gap between certifiable and empirical robustness. In principle, convex relaxation can provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Chen Zhu , Renkun Ni , Ping-yeh Chiang , Hengduo Li , Furong Huang , Tom Goldstein

The increasing integration of deep neural networks in critical systems has spawned a theoretical and practical interest in formally guaranteeing safety properties about their behavior. To achieve this, contemporary verification algorithms…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ido Shmuel , Guy Katz

We present $\textbf{P}$robabilistically $\textbf{T}$ightened $\textbf{Li}$near $\textbf{R}$elaxation-based $\textbf{P}$erturbation $\textbf{A}$nalysis ($\texttt{PT-LiRPA}$), a novel framework that combines over-approximation techniques from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Luca Marzari , Ferdinando Cicalese , Alessandro Farinelli

Formal verification of neural networks is essential before their deployment in safety-critical applications. However, existing methods for formally verifying neural networks are not yet scalable enough to handle practical problems under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Tobias Ladner , Matthias Althoff

Formal verification of neural networks is critical for their safe adoption in real-world applications. However, designing a precise and scalable verifier which can handle different activation functions, realistic network architectures and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Mark Niklas Müller , Gleb Makarchuk , Gagandeep Singh , Markus Püschel , Martin Vechev

Adversarial training is well-known to produce high-quality neural network models that are empirically robust against adversarial perturbations. Nevertheless, once a model has been adversarially trained, one often desires a certification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Hong-Ming Chiu , Richard Y. Zhang

The article is devoted to the study of neural networks with one hidden layer and a modified activation function for solving physical problems. A rectified sigmoid activation function has been proposed to solve physical problems described by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-31 Vasiliy A. Es'kin , Alexey O. Malkhanov , Mikhail E. Smorkalov

Many neural network (NN) verification systems represent the network's input-output relation as a constraint program. Sound and complete, representations involve integer constraints, for simulating the activations. Recent works convexly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Merkouris Papamichail , Konstantinos Varsos , Giorgos Flouris , João Marques-Silva

Neural networks achieve strong empirical performance, but robustness concerns still hinder deployment in safety-critical applications. Formal verification provides robustness guarantees, but current methods face a scalability-completeness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Wenting Li , Saif R. Kazi , Russell Bent , Duo Zhou , Huan Zhang

Certified verification of transformer attention requires bounding the softmax function over interval constraints on the pre-softmax scores. Existing verifiers relax softmax ndependently of the downstream objective, leaving avoidable slack.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Navid Rezazadeh , Arash Gholami Davoodi

We consider the problem of certifying the robustness of deep neural networks against real-world distribution shifts. To do so, we bridge the gap between hand-crafted specifications and realistic deployment settings by proposing a novel…

State-of-the-art neural network verifiers are fundamentally based on one of two paradigms: either encoding the whole verification problem via tight multi-neuron convex relaxations or applying a Branch-and-Bound (BaB) procedure leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Claudio Ferrari , Mark Niklas Muller , Nikola Jovanovic , Martin Vechev
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