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The popular qubit framework has dominated recent work on quantum kernel machine learning, with results characterising expressivity, learnability and generalisation. As yet, there is no comparative framework to understand these concepts for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-18 Laura J. Henderson , Rishi Goel , Sally Shrapnel

This paper presents a federated learning framework secured by quantum key distribution (QKD) for wireless channel estimation and radar spectrum sensing in the next generation networks (NextG or Beyond 6G). A BB84-style protocol abstraction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Murat Kuzlu , Jungwon Seo , Umit Cali

The privacy in classical federated learning can be breached through the use of local gradient results combined with engineered queries to the clients. However, quantum communication channels are considered more secure because a measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Ammar Daskin

Quantum computing has garnered significant attention in recent years from both academia and industry due to its potential to achieve a "quantum advantage" over classical computers. The advent of quantum computing introduces new challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-09 Zhengping Jay Luo , Tyler Stewart , Mourya Narasareddygari , Rui Duan , Shangqing Zhao

Quantum cryptography allows one to distribute a secret key between two remote parties using the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. The well-known established paradigm for the quantum key distribution relies on the actual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Tae-Gon Noh

Quantum kernel methods are a candidate for quantum speed-ups in supervised machine learning. The number of quantum measurements N required for a reasonable kernel estimate is a critical resource, both from complexity considerations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-02 Abhay Shastry , Abhijith Jayakumar , Apoorva Patel , Chiranjib Bhattacharyya

This paper provides an introduction to quantum machine learning, exploring the potential benefits of using quantum computing principles and algorithms that may improve upon classical machine learning approaches. Quantum computing utilizes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-23 Ethan N. Evans , Dominic Byrne , Matthew G. Cook

Kernel methods are powerful for machine learning, as they can represent data in feature spaces that similarities between samples may be faithfully captured. Recently, it is realized that machine learning enhanced by quantum computing is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-22 Long Hin Li , Dan-Bo Zhang , Z. D. Wang

Quantum computing (QC) seems to show potential for application in machine learning (ML). In particular quantum kernel methods (QKM) exhibit promising properties for use in supervised ML tasks. However, a major disadvantage of kernel methods…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-14 Kilian Tscharke , Sebastian Issel , Pascal Debus

This paper provides an integrated perspective on addressing key challenges in developing reliable and secure Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. In this paper, we present an integrated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Nouhaila Innan , Muhammad Kashif , Alberto Marchisio , Mohamed Bennai , Muhammad Shafique

Machine learning algorithms are powerful tools for data driven tasks such as image classification and feature detection, however their vulnerability to adversarial examples - input samples manipulated to fool the algorithm - remains a…

Security has always been a critical issue in machine learning (ML) applications. Due to the high cost of model training -- such as collecting relevant samples, labeling data, and consuming computing power -- model-stealing attack is one of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-17 Zhepeng Wang , Jinyang Li , Zhirui Hu , Blake Gage , Elizabeth Iwasawa , Weiwen Jiang

Quantum kernel methods offer significant theoretical benefits by rendering classically inseparable features separable in quantum space. Yet, the practical application of Quantum Machine Learning (QML), currently constrained by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Philipp Altmann , Maximilian Mansky , Maximilian Zorn , Jonas Stein , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Quantum Federated Learning (QFL) is an emerging field that harnesses advances in Quantum Computing (QC) to improve the scalability and efficiency of decentralized Federated Learning (FL) models. This paper provides a systematic and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Aakar Mathur , Ashish Gupta , Sajal K. Das

Methods of quantum mechanics promise information-theoretic security for various protocols in cryptography. However, impossibility of some cryptographic applications such as standard bit commitment, oblivious transfer, multiparty secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-03 Muhammad Nadeem

Quantum Federated Learning (QFL) is an emerging interdisciplinary field that merges the principles of Quantum Computing (QC) and Federated Learning (FL), with the goal of leveraging quantum technologies to enhance privacy, security, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Chao Ren , Rudai Yan , Huihui Zhu , Han Yu , Minrui Xu , Yuan Shen , Yan Xu , Ming Xiao , Zhao Yang Dong , Mikael Skoglund , Dusit Niyato , Leong Chuan Kwek

This paper introduces a novel approach to probabilistic deep learning, kernel density matrices, which provide a simpler yet effective mechanism for representing joint probability distributions of both continuous and discrete random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Fabio A. González , Raúl Ramos-Pollán , Joseph A. Gallego-Mejia

Building a quantum analog of classical deep neural networks represents a fundamental challenge in quantum computing. A key issue is how to address the inherent non-linearity of classical deep learning, a problem in the quantum domain due to…

Quantum kernel methods promise enhanced expressivity for learning structured data, but their usefulness has been limited by kernel concentration and barren plateaus. Both effects are mathematically equivalent and suppress trainability. We…

Quantum computing requires the optimization of control pulses to achieve high-fidelity quantum gates. We propose a machine learning-based protocol to address the challenges of evaluating gradients and modeling complex system dynamics. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Paul Surrey , Julian D. Teske , Tobias Hangleiter , Hendrik Bluhm , Pascal Cerfontaine
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