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Systolic arrays are a promising computing concept which is in particular inline with CMOS technology trends and linear algebra operations found in the processing of artificial neural networks. The recent success of such deep learning…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Kevin Stehle , Günther Schindler , Holger Fröning

Convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerators are being widely used for their efficiency, but they require a large amount of memory, leading to the use of a slow and power consuming external memory. This paper exploits two schemes to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Hyeong-Ju Kang

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are fundamental to deep learning, driving applications across various domains. However, their growing complexity has significantly increased computational demands, necessitating efficient hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Junye Jiang , Yaan Zhou , Yuanhao Gong , Haoxuan Yuan , Shuanglong Liu

This paper presents Systolic-CNN, an OpenCL-defined scalable, run-time-flexible FPGA accelerator architecture, optimized for accelerating the inference of various convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in multi-tenancy cloud/edge computing.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Akshay Dua , Yixing Li , Fengbo Ren

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are the state-of-the-art solution for many deep learning applications. For maximum scalability, their computation should combine high performance and energy efficiency. In practice, the convolutions of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-07 C. Peltekis , D. Filippas , G. Dimitrakopoulos , C. Nicopoulos , D. Pnevmatikatos

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have emerged as a fundamental technology for machine learning. High performance and extreme energy efficiency are critical for deployments of CNNs in a wide range of situations, especially mobile…

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) play a key role in deep learning applications. However, the large storage overheads and the substantial computation cost of CNNs are problematic in hardware accelerators. Computing-in-memory (CIM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Syuan-Hao Sie , Jye-Luen Lee , Yi-Ren Chen , Chih-Cheng Lu , Chih-Cheng Hsieh , Meng-Fan Chang , Kea-Tiong Tang

To employ a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in an energy-constrained embedded system, it is critical for the CNN implementation to be highly energy efficient. Many recent studies propose CNN accelerator architectures with custom…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Syed M. A. H. Jafri , Hasan Hassan , Ahmed Hemani , Onur Mutlu

The combination of Winograd's algorithm and systolic array architecture has demonstrated the capability of improving DSP efficiency in accelerating convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on FPGA platforms. However, handling arbitrary…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Xinheng Liu , Yao Chen , Cong Hao , Ashutosh Dhar , Deming Chen

The increasing demand for real-time, low-latency artificial intelligence applications has propelled the use of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) for Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) implementations. FPGAs offer reconfigurability,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Philippe Magalhães , Virginie Fresse , Benoît Suffran , Olivier Alata

Herein, a bit-wise Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in-memory accelerator is implemented using Spin-Orbit Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (SOT-MRAM) computational sub-arrays. It utilizes a novel AND-Accumulation method capable of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Arman Roohi , Shaahin Angizi , Deliang Fan , Ronald F DeMara

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been widely deployed in diverse application domains. There has been significant progress in accelerating both their training and inference using high-performance GPUs, FPGAs, and custom ASICs for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Guanwen Zhong , Akshat Dubey , Tan Cheng , Tulika Mitra

Transformers are gaining increasing attention across Natural Language Processing (NLP) application domains due to their outstanding accuracy. However, these data-intensive models add significant performance demands to the existing computing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Ahmed J. Abdelmaksoud , Shady Agwa , Themis Prodromakis

The increasing computational demand of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) necessitates energy-efficient acceleration strategies. Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures based on Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) offer a promising…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 José Cubero-Cascante , Rebecca Pelke , Noah Flohr , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Current Artificial Intelligence (AI) computation systems face challenges, primarily from the memory-wall issue, limiting overall system-level performance, especially for Edge devices with constrained battery budgets, such as smartphones,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Lucas Huijbregts , Liu Hsiao-Hsuan , Paul Detterer , Said Hamdioui , Amirreza Yousefzadeh , Rajendra Bishnoi

Transformer-based models are becoming more and more intelligent and are revolutionizing a wide range of human tasks. To support their deployment, AI labs offer inference services that consume hundreds of GWh of energy annually and charge…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-29 Ching-Yi Lin , Sahil Shah

The state-of-the-art accelerators for Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) typically focus on accelerating only the convolutional layers, but do not prioritize the fully-connected layers much. Hence, they lack a synergistic optimization of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Muhammad Tanvir , Rehan Hafiz , Semeen Rehman , Muhammad Shafique

The evolution of IoT based smart applications demand porting of artificial intelligence algorithms to the edge computing devices. CNNs form a large part of these AI algorithms. Systolic array based CNN acceleration is being widely advocated…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Hazoor Ahmad , Muhammad Tanvir , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Usama Javed , Rehan Hafiz , Muhammad Shafique

Compute in-memory (CIM) is a promising technique that minimizes data transport, the primary performance bottleneck and energy cost of most data intensive applications. This has found wide-spread adoption in accelerating neural networks for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Brian Crafton , Samuel Spetalnick , Gauthaman Murali , Tushar Krishna , Sung-Kyu Lim , Arijit Raychowdhury

During the last years, algorithms known as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) had become increasingly popular, expanding its application range to several areas. In particular, the image processing field has experienced a remarkable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Federico Nicolas Peccia , Luciano Ferreyro , Alejandro Furfaro