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Selective classification (or classification with a reject option) pairs a classifier with a selection function to determine whether or not a prediction should be accepted. This framework trades off coverage (probability of accepting a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Andrea Pugnana , Salvatore Ruggieri

The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is the standard measure of a biomarker's discriminatory accuracy; however, naive AUC estimates can be misleading when validation cohorts differ from the intended target population. Such covariate shifts…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-20 Jiajun Liu , Guangcai Mao , Xiaofei Wang

Binary decisions are very common in artificial intelligence. Applying a threshold on the continuous score gives the human decider the power to control the operating point to separate the two classes. The classifier,s discriminating power is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-06-03 Paulo J. L. Adeodato , Sílvio B. Melo

Several efforts have been done to bring ROC analysis beyond (binary) classification, especially in regression. However, the mapping and possibilities of these proposals do not correspond to what we expect from the analysis of operating…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-17 Jose Hernandez-Orallo

The Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) is an important model metric for evaluating binary classifiers, and many algorithms have been proposed to optimize AUC approximately. It raises the question of whether the generally insignificant gains…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Baojian Zhou , Steven Skiena

Throughout science and technology, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and associated area under the curve (AUC) measures constitute powerful tools for assessing the predictive abilities of features, markers and tests in binary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-25 Tilmann Gneiting , Eva-Maria Walz

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves are plots of true positive rate versus false positive rate which are useful for evaluating binary classification models, but difficult to use for learning since the Area Under the Curve (AUC)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-06 Jonathan Hillman , Toby Dylan Hocking

When determining which machine learning model best performs some high impact risk assessment task, practitioners commonly use the Area under the Curve (AUC) to defend and validate their model choices. In this paper, we argue that the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Kweku Kwegyir-Aggrey , Marissa Gerchick , Malika Mohan , Aaron Horowitz , Suresh Venkatasubramanian

The area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) is a useful tool to assess the performance of continuous-scale diagnostic tests on binary classification. In this article, we propose an empirical likelihood (EL) method to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-05 Chul Moon , Xinlei Wang , Johan Lim

Whilst the size and complexity of ML models have rapidly and significantly increased over the past decade, the methods for assessing their performance have not kept pace. In particular, among the many potential performance metrics, the ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Michael Roberts , Alon Hazan , Sören Dittmer , James H. F. Rudd , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and its summary measure, the Area Under the Curve (AUC), are well-established tools for evaluating the efficacy of biomarkers in biomedical studies. Compared to the traditional ROC curve,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-20 Ziad Akram Ali Hammouri , Yating Zou , Rahul Ghosal , Juan C. Vidal , Marcos Matabuena

The Area Under Curve measure (AUC) seems apt to evaluate and compare diverse models, possibly without calibration. An important example of AUC application is the evaluation and benchmarking of models that predict faithfulness of generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Juri Opitz

Optimal performance is critical for decision-making tasks from medicine to autonomous driving, however common performance measures may be too general or too specific. For binary classifiers, diagnostic tests or prognosis at a timepoint,…

The Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) is a widely employed metric in long-tailed classification scenarios. Nevertheless, most existing methods primarily assume that training and testing examples are drawn i.i.d. from the same distribution,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Siran Dai , Qianqian Xu , Zhiyong Yang , Xiaochun Cao , Qingming Huang

Algorithmic bias continues to be a key concern of learning analytics. We study the statistical properties of the Absolute Between-ROC Area (ABROCA) metric. This fairness measure quantifies group-level differences in classifier performance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-02 Conrad Borchers , Ryan S. Baker

Assessment of risk prediction models has primarily utilized measures of discrimination, the ROC curve AUC and C-statistic. These derive from the risk distributions of patients and nonpatients, which in turn are derived from a population…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-05 Ralph H. Stern

Multiple binary responses arise in many modern data-analytic problems. Although fitting separate logistic regressions for each response is computationally attractive, it ignores shared structure and can be statistically inefficient,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-14 The Tien Mai

The Area Under the the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curve, referred to as AUC, is a well-known performance measure in the supervised learning domain. Due to its compelling features, it has been employed in a number of studies to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Pablo Andretta Jaskowiak , Ivan Gesteira Costa , Ricardo José Gabrielli Barreto Campello

Recent work on privacy-preserving machine learning has considered how data-mining competitions such as Kaggle could potentially be "hacked", either intentionally or inadvertently, by using information from an oracle that reports a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-12 Jacob Whitehill

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly employed in real-world applications like medicine or economics, thus, potentially affecting large populations. However, ML models often do not perform homogeneously, leading to underperformance or,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Tom Siegl , Kutalmış Coşkun , Bjarne C. Hiller , Amin Mirzaei , Florian Lemmerich , Martin Becker