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The scaling law of Large Language Models (LLMs) reveals a power-law relationship, showing diminishing return on performance as model scale increases. While training LLMs from scratch is resource-intensive, fine-tuning a pre-trained model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yiyun Zhou , Chang Yao , Jingyuan Chen

Traditional recommender systems such as matrix factorization methods have primarily focused on learning a shared dense embedding space to represent both items and user preferences. Subsequently, sequence models such as RNN, GRUs, and,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Yaoyiran Li , Xiang Zhai , Moustafa Alzantot , Keyi Yu , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen , Mohamed Hammad

As large language models (LLMs) scale to billions of parameters, full-parameter fine-tuning becomes compute- and memory-prohibitive. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) mitigates this issue by updating only a small set of task-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xuan Cui , Huiyue Li , Run Zeng , Yunfei Zhao , Jinrui Qian , Wei Duan , Bo Liu , Zhanpeng Zhou

A long-standing challenge in developing accurate recommendation models is simulating user behavior, mainly due to the complex and stochastic nature of user interactions. Towards this, one promising line of work has been the use of Large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Himanshu Thakur , Eshani Agrawal , Smruthi Mukund

Although the advancements of pre-trained Large Language Models have significantly accelerated recent progress in NLP, their ever-increasing size poses significant challenges for conventional fine-tuning, especially in memory-intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Chenxi Whitehouse , Fantine Huot , Jasmijn Bastings , Mostafa Dehghani , Chu-Cheng Lin , Mirella Lapata

Sequential Recommender Systems (SRS), which model a user's interaction history to predict the next item of interest, are widely used in various applications. However, existing SRS often struggle with low-popularity items, a challenge known…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Qidong Liu , Xian Wu , Wanyu Wang , Yejing Wang , Yuanshao Zhu , Xiangyu Zhao , Feng Tian , Yefeng Zheng

Recently, sequential recommendation has emerged as a widely studied topic. Existing researches mainly design effective neural architectures to model user behavior sequences based on item IDs. However, this kind of approach highly relies on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Shanlei Mu , Yupeng Hou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding

In recent years, Recommender Systems (RS) have witnessed a transformative shift with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Models such as GPT-3.5/4, Llama, have demonstrated…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Junyi Chen , Toyotaro Suzumura

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has demonstrated strong generalization capabilities across a variety of tasks for efficiently fine-tuning AI models, especially on resource-constrained edges. However, in real-world applications, edge users often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Miaoge Li , Yang Chen , Zhijie Rao , Can Jiang , Jingcai Guo

Instruction fine-tuning has conventionally been employed to adapt Large Language Models (LLMs) to a variety of tasks. Nonetheless, this technique often necessitates substantial computational resources, making it impractical for deployment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zhenting Qi , Xiaoyu Tan , Shaojie Shi , Chao Qu , Yinghui Xu , Yuan Qi

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a widely adopted parameter-efficient fine-tuning method for large language models, with its effectiveness largely influenced by the allocation of ranks and scaling factors, as well as initialization.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Weicheng Lin , Yi Zhang , Jiawei Dang , Liang-Jie Zhang

What enables large language models (LLMs) to effectively model user preferences in sequential recommendation? Our investigation reveals that existing preference-alignment approaches largely rely on binary pairwise comparisons, overlooking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Zhongyu Ouyang , Qianlong Wen , Chunhui Zhang , Yanfang Ye , Soroush Vosoughi

LLM-based agents are emerging as a promising paradigm for simulating user behavior to enhance recommender systems. However, their effectiveness is often limited by existing studies that focus on modeling user ratings for individual items.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jiahao Wang , Bokang Fu , Yu Zhu , Yuli Liu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is the prevailing approach for efficient large language model (LLM) fine-tuning. Building on this paradigm, recent studies have proposed alternative initialization strategies, architectural modifications, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yu-Ang Lee , Ching-Yun Ko , Pin-Yu Chen , Mi-Yen Yeh

In this paper, we introduce a method for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs), inspired by Multi-Task learning in a federated manner. Our approach leverages the structure of each client's model and enables a learning scheme that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ahmed Elbakary , Chaouki Ben Issaid , Tamer ElBatt , Karim Seddik , Mehdi Bennis

With the thriving of pre-trained language model (PLM) widely verified in various of NLP tasks, pioneer efforts attempt to explore the possible cooperation of the general textual information in PLM with the personalized behavioral…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Zekai Qu , Ruobing Xie , Chaojun Xiao , Yuan Yao , Zhiyuan Liu , Fengzong Lian , Zhanhui Kang , Jie Zhou

While large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance in recommendation, they face challenges in continual learning as users, items, and user preferences evolve over time. Existing LoRA-based continual methods primarily focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Hyunsik Yoo , Ting-Wei Li , SeongKu Kang , Zhining Liu , Charlie Xu , Qilin Qi , Hanghang Tong

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in recommender systems, either improving existing recommendation models or serving as the backbone. However, there exists a large semantic gap between LLMs and recommender…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Bowen Zheng , Yupeng Hou , Hongyu Lu , Yu Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ming Chen , Ji-Rong Wen

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a pivotal technique for aligning artificial intelligence systems with human values, achieving remarkable success in fine-tuning large language models. However, existing RLHF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Renpu Liu , Peng Wang , Donghao Li , Cong Shen , Jing Yang

Recommender systems are essential for delivering personalized content across digital platforms by modeling user preferences and behaviors. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been adopted for prompt-based recommendation due to their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Md Aminul Islam , Ahmed Sayeed Faruk