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Academic research in the field of autonomous vehicles has reached high popularity in recent years related to several topics as sensor technologies, V2X communications, safety, security, decision making, control, and even legal and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Szilárd Aradi

Counterfactual explanations are a common tool to explain artificial intelligence models. For Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents, they answer "Why not?" or "What if?" questions by illustrating what minimal change to a state is needed such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Tobias Huber , Maximilian Demmler , Silvan Mertes , Matthew L. Olson , Elisabeth André

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a powerful framework for solving sequential decision-making problems, achieving remarkable success in a wide range of applications, including game AI, autonomous driving, biomedicine, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Yinghan Sun , Hongxi Wang , Hua Chen , Wei Zhang

Providing explanations is considered an imperative ability for an AI agent in a human-robot teaming framework. The right explanation provides the rationale behind an AI agent's decision-making. However, to maintain the human teammate's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Mehrdad Zakershahrak , Samira Ghodratnama

Since deep neural networks' resurgence, reinforcement learning has gradually strengthened and surpassed humans in many conventional games. However, it is not easy to copy these accomplishments to autonomous driving because state spaces are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-14 B. Udugama

This paper bridges the gap between mathematical heuristic strategies learned from Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in automated agent negotiation, and comprehensible, natural language explanations. Our aim is to make these strategies more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Pallavi Bagga , Kostas Stathis

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has become a powerful methodology to solve complex decision-making problems. However, DRL has several limitations when used in real-world problems (e.g., robotics applications). For instance, long training…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Rodrigo Pérez-Dattari , Carlos Celemin , Javier Ruiz-del-Solar , Jens Kober

Reinforcement Learning and, recently, Deep Reinforcement Learning are popular methods for solving sequential decision-making problems modeled as Markov Decision Processes. RL modeling of a problem and selecting algorithms and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Reza Refaei Afshar , Joaquin Vanschoren , Uzay Kaymak , Rui Zhang , Yaoxin Wu , Wen Song , Yingqian Zhang

In the domain of combat simulations in support of wargaming, the development of intelligent agents has predominantly been characterized by rule-based, scripted methodologies with deep reinforcement learning (RL) approaches only recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Scotty Black , Christian Darken

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a booming area of artificial intelligence. Many practical applications of DRL naturally involve more than one collaborative learners, making it important to study DRL in a multi-agent context. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Gang Chen

Deep Learning has become overly complicated and has enjoyed stellar success in solving several classical problems like image classification, object detection, etc. Several methods for explaining these decisions have been proposed. Black-box…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Siddhant Agarwal , Owais Iqbal , Sree Aditya Buridi , Madda Manjusha , Abir Das

In practice, it is quite common to face combinatorial optimization problems which contain uncertainty along with non-determinism and dynamicity. These three properties call for appropriate algorithms; reinforcement learning (RL) is dealing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Nathan Grinsztajn , Olivier Beaumont , Emmanuel Jeannot , Philippe Preux

The Dynamic Task Assignment Problem (DTAP) concerns matching resources to tasks in real time while minimizing some objectives, like resource costs or task cycle time. In this work, we consider a DTAP variant where every task is a case…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Riccardo Lo Bianco , Willem van Jaarsveld , Jeroen Middelhuis , Luca Begnardi , Remco Dijkman

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a promising outer-loop intelligence paradigm which can deploy problem solving strategies for complex tasks. Consequently, DRL has been utilized for several scientific applications, specifically in cases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Sahil Bhola , Suraj Pawar , Prasanna Balaprakash , Romit Maulik

Millions of battery-powered sensors deployed for monitoring purposes in a multitude of scenarios, e.g., agriculture, smart cities, industry, etc., require energy-efficient solutions to prolong their lifetime. When these sensors observe a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Jernej Hribar , Andrei Marinescu , Alessandro Chiumento , Luiz A. DaSilva

Although deep reinforcement learning (DRL) methods have been successfully applied in challenging tasks, their application in real-world operational settings is challenged by methods' limited ability to provide explanations. Among the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Andreas Kontogiannis , George Vouros

In this paper, the downlink packet scheduling problem for cellular networks is modeled, which jointly optimizes throughput, fairness and packet drop rate. Two genie-aided heuristic search methods are employed to explore the solution space.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Chen Xu , Jian Wang , Tianhang Yu , Chuili Kong , Yourui Huangfu , Rong Li , Yiqun Ge , Jun Wang

We focus on the task of creating a reinforcement learning agent that is inherently explainable -- with the ability to produce immediate local explanations by thinking out loud while performing a task and analyzing entire trajectories…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Xiangyu Peng , Mark O. Riedl , Prithviraj Ammanabrolu

For cyber-physical systems in the 6G era, semantic communications connecting distributed devices for dynamic control and remote state estimation are required to guarantee application-level performance, not merely focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Jiazheng Chen , Wanchun Liu , Daniel Quevedo , Yonghui Li , Branka Vucetic

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in multi-step reasoning and problem-solving.Recent works introduce multi-agent reflection frameworks where multiple LLM agents critique and refine each other's outputs using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yuanhao Li , Mingshan Liu , Hongbo Wang , Yiding Zhang , Yifei Ma , Wei Tan