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In this article, which will appear as a chapter in the Handbook of Gravitational Wave Astronomy, we will describe the detection of gravitational waves with space-based interferometric gravitational wave observatories. We will provide an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-27 Jonathan R Gair , Martin Hewitson , Antoine Petiteau , Guido Mueller

Precision navigation and timing, very-long-baseline interferometry, next-generation communication, sensing, and tests of fundamental physics all require a highly synchronized network of clocks. With the advance of highly-accurate optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 Ronakraj Gosalia , Robert Malaney , Ryan Aguinaldo , Jonathan Green , Peter Brereton

Laser frequency noise suppression is a critical requirement for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission to detect gravitational waves. The baseline laser stabilization is achieved using cavity pre-stabilization and a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-05 Jobin Thomas Valliyakalayil , Andrew Wade , David Rabeling , Jue Zhang , Daniel Shaddock , Kirk McKenzie

Previous work demonstrated effective laser frequency noise (LFN) suppression for Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) data from raw phasemeter measurements using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm with fractional delay…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-29 Jessica Page , Tyson Littenberg

Global 21-cm experiments require exquisitely precise calibration of the measurement systems in order to separate the weak 21-cm signal from Galactic and extragalactic foregrounds as well as instrumental systematics. Hitherto, experiments…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-27 Jishnu N. Thekkeppattu , Benjamin McKinley , Cathryn M. Trott , Jake Jones , Daniel C. X. Ung

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) suppresses laser frequency noise by forming linear combinations of time-shifted interferometric measurements. The time-shift operation is implemented by interpolating discretely sampled data. To enable…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-16 Martin Staab , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig , Aurélien Hees , Marc Lilley , Graham Woan , Peter Wolf

The random superposition of many weak sources will produce a stochastic background of gravitational waves that may dominate the response of the LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) gravitational wave observatory. Unless something can…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Neil J. Cornish

The Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI) instrument on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Follow-On mission has provided the first laser interferometric range measurements between remote spacecraft, separated by approximately…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-23 Klaus Abich , Claus Braxmaier , Martin Gohlke , Josep Sanjuan , Alexander Abramovici , Brian Bachman Okihiro , David C. Barr , Maxime P. Bize , Michael J. Burke , Ken C. Clark , Glenn de Vine , Jeffrey A. Dickson , Serge Dubovitsky , William M. Folkner , Samuel Francis , Martin S. Gilbert , Mark Katsumura , William Klipstein , Kameron Larsen , Carl Christian Liebe , Jehhal Liu , Kirk McKenzie , Phillip R. Morton , Alexander T. Murray , Don J. Nguyen , Joshua A. Ravich , Daniel Shaddock , Robert Spero , Gary Spiers , Andrew Sutton , Joseph Trinh , Duo Wang , Rabi T. Wang , Brent Ware , Christopher Woodruff , Bengie Amparan , Mike A. Davis , James Howell , Micah Kruger , Lynette Lobmeyer , Robert Pierce , Gretchen Reavis , Michael Sileo , Michelle Stephens , Andreas Baatzsch , Christian Dahl , Katrin Dahl , Frank Gilles , Philipp Hager , Mark Herding , Marina Kaufer , Kolja Nicklaus , Kai Voss , Christina Bogan , Karsten Danzmann , Germán Fernández Barranco , Gerhard Heinzel , Alexander Koch , Christoph Mahrdt , Malte Misfeldt , Vitali Müller , Jens Reiche , Daniel Schütze , Benjamin Sheard , Gunnar Stede , Henry Wegener , Andreas Eckardt , Burghardt Guenther , Thomas Mangoldt , Bernd Zender , Thomas Ester , Frank Heine , Christoph Seiter , Steve Windisch , Reinhold Flatscher , Frank Flechtner , Nicolas Grossard , Jerome Hauden , Martin Hinz , Thomas Leikert , Marcus Zimmermann , Anton Lebeda , Arnold Lebeda

Precision phase readout of optical beat note signals is one of the core techniques required for intersatellite laser interferometry. Future space based gravitational wave detectors like eLISA require such a readout over a wide range of MHz…

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will open a rich discovery space in the milli-Hertz gravitational wave band. In addition to the anticipated signals from many millions of binary systems, this band may contain new and previously…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-01-16 Travis Robson , Neil J. Cornish

Bi-static sensing is an attractive configuration for integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) systems; however, clock asynchronism between widely separated transmitters and receivers introduces time-varying time offsets (TO) and phase…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-16 Jingbo Zhao , Zhaoming Lu , J. Andrew Zhang , Jiaxi Zhou , Weicai Li , Tao Gu

This document briefly describes the noise models and shapes used for the synthesis of the Drag-Free and Attitude Control System in the LISA space mission. LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) is one of the next large-class missions…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-07 Michele Pagone , Carlo Novara

Space-based gravitational wave detectors based on the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) design operate by synthesizing one or more interferometers from fringe velocity measurements generated by changes in the light travel time…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-17 Karan P. Jani , Lee Samuel Finn , Matthew J. Benacquista

A simple method is presented for the simultaneous off-line synchronization of the digitally recorded data-streams from a multi-channel silicon telescope. The method is based both on the synchronization between the separate pairs of silicon…

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a future space-based interferometric gravitational-wave detector consisting of three spacecraft in a triangular configuration. The interferometric measurements of path length changes between…

The LISA mission is the future space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory of the European Space Agency. It is formed by 3 spacecraft exchanging laser beams in order to form multiple real and virtual interferometers. The data streams to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-30 Dam Quang Nam , Yves Lemiere , Antoine Petiteau , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig , Joseph Martino , Martin Staab

Space-borne gravitational-wave telescopes are key to extend the observation band below $10\,\mathrm{Hz}$. The use of inter-satellite optical cavities linked by heterodyne interferometry is a promising approach to reach the sensitivity level…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-21 Yutaro Enomoto , Subaru Shibai , Kiwamu Izumi

Interferometers with kilometer-scale arms have been built for gravitational-wave detections on the ground; ones with much longer arms are being planned for space-based detection. One fundamental motivation for long baseline interferometry…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-06 Kentaro Somiya , Keisuke Goda , Yanbei Chen , Eugeniy E. Mikhailov

We present a synchronization-free differential observable for one-way inter-satellite laser ranging, designed to suppress first-order Doppler effects without requiring clock synchronization between spacecraft. The observable is constructed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-09 S. H. Wassegh

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a data processing technique for space-based gravitational-wave detectors to create laser-noise-free equal-optical-path-length interferometers virtually on the ground. It relies on the interspacecraft…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-14 Jan Niklas Reinhardt , Philipp Euringer , Olaf Hartwig , Gerald Hechenblaikner , Gerhard Heinzel , Kohei Yamamoto