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We propose a doubly robust inference method for causal effects of continuous treatment variables, under unconfoundedness and with nonparametric or high-dimensional nuisance functions. Our double debiased machine learning (DML) estimators…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-10-02 Kyle Colangelo , Ying-Ying Lee

Debiased machine learning (DML) offers an attractive way to estimate treatment effects in observational settings, where identification of causal parameters requires a conditional independence or unconfoundedness assumption, since it allows…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-06-16 Victor Quintas-Martinez

The estimation of causal effects with observational data continues to be a very active research area. In recent years, researchers have developed new frameworks which use machine learning to relax classical assumptions necessary for the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-01 Jonathan Fuhr , Philipp Berens , Dominik Papies

Confounding bias is a key challenge in causal effect estimation from observational data. Double Machine Learning (DML) addresses this issue by estimating treatment and outcome nuisance functions, constructing treatment and outcome…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Guodu Xiang , Kui Yu , Yujie Wang , Richang Hong , Fuyuan Cao , Jiye Liang

We consider estimating a low-dimensional parameter in an estimating equation involving high-dimensional nuisances that depend on the parameter. A central example is the efficient estimating equation for the (local) quantile treatment effect…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-18 Nathan Kallus , Xiaojie Mao , Masatoshi Uehara

This paper provides an introduction to Double/Debiased Machine Learning (DML). DML is a general approach to performing inference about a target parameter in the presence of nuisance functions: objects that are needed to identify the target…

Doubly robust estimators are widely used for estimating average treatment effects and other linear summaries of regression functions. While consistency requires only one of two nuisance functions to be estimated consistently, asymptotic…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-01 Lars van der Laan , Alex Luedtke , Marco Carone

In the last decade, machine learning techniques have gained popularity for estimating causal effects. One machine learning approach that can be used for estimating an average treatment effect is Double/debiased machine learning (DML)…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-17 Daniele Ballinari , Nora Bearth

We study inference on a low-dimensional functional $\beta$ in the presence of infinite-dimensional nuisance parameters. Classical inferential methods are typically based on Wald intervals, whose large-sample validity rests on asymptotic…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-24 Mengchu Zheng , Matteo Bonvini , Zijian Guo

Most modern supervised statistical/machine learning (ML) methods are explicitly designed to solve prediction problems very well. Achieving this goal does not imply that these methods automatically deliver good estimators of causal…

This paper studies the properties of debiased machine learning (DML) estimators under a novel asymptotic framework, offering insights for improving the performance of these estimators in applications. DML is an estimation method suited to…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-11-05 Amilcar Velez

This paper proposes a simple, novel, and fully-Bayesian approach for causal inference in partially linear models with high-dimensional control variables. Off-the-shelf machine learning methods can introduce biases in the causal parameter…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-08-19 Francis J. DiTraglia , Laura Liu

Models with Conditional Moment Restrictions (CMRs) are popular in economics. These models involve finite and infinite dimensional parameters. The infinite dimensional components include conditional expectations, conditional choice…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-11-01 Facundo Argañaraz , Juan Carlos Escanciano

Debiased machine learning is a meta algorithm based on bias correction and sample splitting to calculate confidence intervals for functionals, i.e. scalar summaries, of machine learning algorithms. For example, an analyst may desire the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-25 Victor Chernozhukov , Whitney K. Newey , Rahul Singh

Double/debiased machine learning (DML) provides a general framework for inference with high-dimensional or otherwise complex nuisance parameters by combining Neyman-orthogonal scores with cross-fitting, thereby circumventing classical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Ziming Lin , Fang Han

Chernozhukov, Chetverikov, Demirer, Duflo, Hansen, and Newey (2016) provide a generic double/de-biased machine learning (DML) approach for obtaining valid inferential statements about focal parameters, using Neyman-orthogonal scores and…

In response to the increasing complexity of policy environments and the proliferation of high-dimensional data, this paper introduces the S-DIDML estimator a framework grounded in structure and semiparametrically flexible for causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-15 Yile Yu , Anzhi Xu

Estimating causal effect using machine learning (ML) algorithms can help to relax functional form assumptions if used within appropriate frameworks. However, most of these frameworks assume settings with cross-sectional data, whereas…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-09-04 Jonathan Fuhr , Dominik Papies

Double machine learning (DML) has become an increasingly popular tool for automated variable selection in high-dimensional settings. Even though the ability to deal with a large number of potential covariates can render…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-05-25 Paul Hünermund , Beyers Louw , Itamar Caspi

This paper studies double/debiased machine learning (DML) methods applied to weakly dependent data. We allow observations to be situated in a general metric space that accommodates spatial and network data. Existing work implements…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-17 Jianfei Cao , Michael P. Leung
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