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Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables direct computation on encrypted data, making it a crucial technology for privacy protection. However, FHE suffers from significant performance bottlenecks. In this context, GPU acceleration offers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhiwei Wang , Haoqi He , Lutan Zhao , Peinan Li , Zhihao Li , Dan Meng , Rui Hou

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows for computation directly on encrypted data and enables privacy-preserving neural inference in the cloud. Prior work has focused on models with dense inputs (e.g., CNNs), with less attention given to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Karthik Garimella , Austin Ebel , Gabrielle De Micheli , Brandon Reagen

This paper proposes a non-interactive end-to-end solution for secure fusion and matching of biometric templates using fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). Given a pair of encrypted feature vectors, we perform the following ciphertext…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Luke Sperling , Nalini Ratha , Arun Ross , Vishnu Naresh Boddeti

Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Torus (TFHE) allows arbitrary computations to happen directly on ciphertexts using homomorphic logic gates. However, each TFHE gate on state-of-the-art hardware platforms such as GPUs and FPGAs is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Lei Jiang , Qian Lou , Nrushad Joshi

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a privacy-preserving computation technique that enables computation on encrypted data. Today, the potential of HE remains largely unrealized as it is impractically slow, preventing it from being used in real…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Negar Neda , Austin Ebel , Benedict Reynwar , Brandon Reagen

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computation on encrypted data, and hence it has a great potential in privacy-preserving outsourcing of computations to the cloud. Hardware acceleration of HE is crucial as software implementations are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Ahmet Can Mert , Aikata , Sunmin Kwon , Youngsam Shin , Donghoon Yoo , Yongwoo Lee , Sujoy Sinha Roy

Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) is an emerging topic to handle secure machine learning inference over sensitive data in untrusted environments. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables computation directly on encrypted data on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yu Hin Chan , Hao Yang , Shiyu Shen , Xingyu Fan , Shengzhe Lyu , Patrick S. Y. Hung , Ray C. C. Cheung

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables privacy preserving computation but it suffers from high latency and memory consumption. The computations are secured with special keys called rotation keys which often take up the majority of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Eymen Ünay , Björn Franke , Jackson Woodruff

Computations can be directly carried out over ciphertexts using homomorphic encryption (HE), which is indispensable for privacy-preserving cloud computing. Linear transformation is widely used in neural networks, including large language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sajjad Akherati , Xinmiao Zhang

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables privacy-preserving Transformer inference, but long-sequence encrypted Transformers quickly exceed single-GPU memory capacity because encoded weights are already large and encrypted activations grow…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zhaoting Gong , Ran Ran , Fan Yao , Wujie Wen

FHE offers protection to private data on third-party cloud servers by allowing computations on the data in encrypted form. However, to support general-purpose encrypted computations, all existing FHE schemes require an expensive operation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Rashmi Agrawal , Leo de Castro , Guowei Yang , Chiraag Juvekar , Rabia Yazicigil , Anantha Chandrakasan , Vinod Vaikuntanathan , Ajay Joshi

Homomorphic encryption (HE) allows secure computation on encrypted data without revealing the original data, providing significant benefits for privacy-sensitive applications. Many cloud computing applications (e.g., DNA read mapping,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Mayank Kabra , Rakesh Nadig , Harshita Gupta , Rahul Bera , Manos Frouzakis , Vamanan Arulchelvan , Yu Liang , Haiyu Mao , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Onur Mutlu

Machine learning on encrypted data can address the concerns related to privacy and legality of sharing sensitive data with untrustworthy service providers. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a promising technique to enable machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Nayna Jain , Karthik Nandakumar , Nalini Ratha , Sharath Pankanti , Uttam Kumar

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computations to be performed on encrypted data, significantly enhancing user privacy. However, the I/O challenges associated with deploying FHE applications remains understudied. We analyze the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Lei Chen , Erci Xu , Yiming Sun , Shengyu Fan , Xianglong Deng , Guiming Shi , Guang Fan , Liang Kong , Yilan Zhu , Shoumeng Yan , Mingzhe Zhang

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables secure computation on encrypted data, mitigating privacy concerns in cloud and edge environments. However, due to its high compute and memory demands, extensive acceleration research has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Wonseok Choi , Hyunah Yu , Jongmin Kim , Hyesung Ji , Jaiyoung Park , Jung Ho Ahn

The increasing amount of data and the growing complexity of problems has resulted in an ever-growing reliance on cloud computing. However, many applications, most notably in healthcare, finance or defense, demand security and privacy which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Saransh Gupta , Rosario Cammarota , Tajana Rosing

Fully Homomorphic Encryption~(FHE) is a key technology enabling privacy-preserving computing. However, the fundamental challenge of FHE is its inefficiency, due primarily to the underlying polynomial computations with high computation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Junxue Zhang , Xiaodian Cheng , Liu Yang , Jinbin Hu , Ximeng Liu , Kai Chen

Secure signal processing is becoming a de facto model for preserving privacy. We propose a model based on the Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) technique to mitigate security breaches. Our framework provides a method to perform a Fast…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Thomas Shortell , Ali Shokoufandeh

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is one of the most promising security solutions to emerging Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS). Leveled-HE (LHE)-enabled Convolutional Neural Networks (LHECNNs) are proposed to implement MLaaS to avoid large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Qian Lou , Lei Jiang

Traditional Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) schemes often suffer from prohibitive computational overhead and complex noise management. In this paper, we propose a novel symmetric FHE through a mechanism of plaintext fragmentation and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Mostefa Kara