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Grammatical error correction is a significant task in NLP. Traditional methods based on encoder-decoder models have achieved certain success, but the application of LLMs in this field is still underexplored. Current research predominantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yilin Li , Xunjian Yin , Yilin Chen , Xiaojun Wan

This study examines the effect of grammatical features in automatic essay scoring (AES). We use two kinds of grammatical features as input to an AES model: (1) grammatical items that writers used correctly in essays, and (2) the number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Kosuke Doi , Katsuhito Sudoh , Satoshi Nakamura

Automated feedback systems have become increasingly integral to programming education, where learners engage in iterative cycles of code construction, testing, and refinement. Despite its wider integration in practices and technical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yeonji Jung , Yunseo Lee , Jiyeong Bae , DoYong Kim , Heungsoo Choi , Minji Kang , Unggi Lee

We introduce GIER (Gap-driven Iterative Enhancement of Responses), a general framework for improving large language model (LLM) outputs through self-reflection and revision based on conceptual quality criteria. Unlike prompting strategies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rinku Dewri

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) systems play a vital role in assisting people with their daily writing tasks. However, users may sometimes come across a GEC system that initially performs well but fails to correct errors when the inputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Yue Zhang , Leyang Cui , Enbo Zhao , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi

Grammatical Error Detection and Correction (GEC) tools have proven useful for native speakers and second language learners. Developing such tools requires a large amount of parallel, annotated data, which is unavailable for most languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Atakan Kara , Farrin Marouf Sofian , Andrew Bond , Gözde Gül Şahin

As a fundamental task in natural language processing, Chinese Grammatical Error Correction (CGEC) has gradually received widespread attention and become a research hotspot. However, one obvious deficiency for the existing CGEC evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Nankai Lin , Nankai Lin , Xiaotian Lin , Ziyu Yang , Shengyi Jiang

Automated assessment of open-ended student responses is a critical capability for scaling personalized feedback in education. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in grading tasks via in-context learning (ICL), their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yucheng Chu , Hang Li , Kaiqi Yang , Yasemin Copur-Gencturk , Kevin Haudek , Joseph Krajcik , Jiliang Tang

Data sparsity is a well-known problem for grammatical error correction (GEC). Generating synthetic training data is one widely proposed solution to this problem, and has allowed models to achieve state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Chowdhury Rafeed Rahman

Automatic Question Generation (QG) often produces outputs with critical defects, such as factual hallucinations and answer mismatches. However, existing evaluation methods, including LLM-based evaluators, mainly adopt a black-box and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Weiping Fu , Bifan Wei , Jingyi Hao , Yushun Zhang , Jian Zhang , Jiaxin Wang , Bo Li , Yu He , Lingling Zhang , Jun Liu

Computer aided formative assessment can be used to enhance a learning process, for instance by providing feedback. There are many design choices for delivering feedback, that lead to a feedback strategy. In an informative feedback strategy,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Gerben van der Hoek , Bastiaan Heeren , Rogier Bos , Paul Drijvers , Johan Jeuring

Existing studies explore the explainability of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) in a limited scenario, where they ignore the interaction between corrections and explanations and have not established a corresponding comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jingheng Ye , Shang Qin , Yinghui Li , Xuxin Cheng , Libo Qin , Hai-Tao Zheng , Ying Shen , Peng Xing , Zishan Xu , Guo Cheng , Wenhao Jiang

Automatic evaluation in grammatical error correction (GEC) is crucial for selecting the best-performing systems. Currently, reference-based metrics are a popular choice, which basically measure the similarity between hypothesis and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Takumi Goto , Yusuke Sakai , Taro Watanabe

Ensemble approaches are commonly used techniques to improving a system by combining multiple model predictions. Additionally these schemes allow the uncertainty, as well as the source of the uncertainty, to be derived for the prediction.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Yassir Fathullah , Mark Gales , Andrey Malinin

Large language models(LLMs) like Gemini are becoming common tools for supporting student writing. But most of their feedback is based only on the final essay missing important context about how that text was written. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Samra Zafar , Shaheer Minhas , Syed Ali Hassan Zaidi , Arfa Naeem , Zahra Ali

Producing large volumes of high-quality, timely feedback poses significant challenges to instructors. To address this issue, automation technologies-particularly Large Language Models (LLMs)-show great potential. However, current LLM-based…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Jie Cao , Chloe Qianhui Zhao , Xian Chen , Shuman Wang , Christian Schunn , Kenneth R. Koedinger , Jionghao Lin

Code repair is a fundamental task in software development, facilitating efficient bug resolution and software maintenance. Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated considerable potential in automated code repair, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Dekun Dai , MingWei Liu , Anji Li , Jialun Cao , Yanlin Wang , Chong Wang , Xin Peng , Zibin Zheng

The importance of managing feedback practices in higher education has been widely recognised, as they play a crucial role in enhancing teaching, learning, and assessment processes. In today's educational landscape, feedback practices are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Daniele Agostini , Federica Picasso

Generative AI is changing the way that many disciplines are taught, including computer science. Researchers have shown that generative AI tools are capable of solving programming problems, writing extensive blocks of code, and explaining…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Bailey Kimmel , Austin Geisert , Lily Yaro , Brendan Gipson , Taylor Hotchkiss , Sidney Osae-Asante , Hunter Vaught , Grant Wininger , Chase Yamaguchi

ChatGPT is a cutting-edge artificial intelligence language model developed by OpenAI, which has attracted a lot of attention due to its surprisingly strong ability in answering follow-up questions. In this report, we aim to evaluate ChatGPT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Haoran Wu , Wenxuan Wang , Yuxuan Wan , Wenxiang Jiao , Michael Lyu