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Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) aims to automatically detect and correct grammatical errors. In this aspect, dominant models are trained by one-iteration learning while performing multiple iterations of corrections during inference.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Shaopeng Lai , Qingyu Zhou , Jiali Zeng , Zhongli Li , Chao Li , Yunbo Cao , Jinsong Su

We propose IMPARA-GED, a novel reference-free automatic grammatical error correction (GEC) evaluation method with grammatical error detection (GED) capabilities. We focus on the quality estimator of IMPARA, an existing automatic GEC…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yusuke Sakai , Takumi Goto , Taro Watanabe

Although significant progress has been made in developing methods for Grammatical Error Correction (GEC), addressing word choice improvements has been notably lacking and enhancing sentence expressivity by replacing phrases with advanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Narutatsu Ri , Bill Sun , Sam Davidson , Zhou Yu

Grammatical error correction (GEC) and explanation (GEE) have made rapid progress, but real teaching scenarios also require \emph{learner-friendly pedagogical feedback} that is actionable, level-appropriate, and encouraging. We introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Junhong Liang , Yifan Lu , Ekaterina Kochmar , Fajri Koto

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) is a task of detecting and correcting grammatical errors in sentences. Recently, neural machine translation systems have become popular approaches for this task. However, these methods lack the use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Zhaohong Wan , Xiaojun Wan

Grammatical error correction (GEC) aims to correct grammatical, spelling, and semantic errors in natural language text. With the growing of large language models (LLMs), direct text generation has gradually become the focus of the GEC…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Wei Li , Wen Luo , Guangyue Peng , Houfeng Wang

Grammar Error Correction(GEC) mainly relies on the availability of high quality of large amount of synthetic parallel data of grammatically correct and erroneous sentence pairs. The quality of the synthetic data is evaluated on how well the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Vanya Bannihatti Kumar

This study illustrates how incorporating feedback-oriented annotations into the scoring pipeline can enhance the accuracy of automated essay scoring (AES). This approach is demonstrated with the Persuasive Essays for Rating, Selecting, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Christopher Ormerod

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) and Automatic Essay Feedback (AEF) systems aim to reduce the workload of human raters in educational assessment. However, most existing systems prioritize numerical scoring accuracy over feedback quality and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Joaquín Jordán , Xavier Yin , Melissa Fabros , Gireeja Ranade , Narges Norouzi

Chinese Grammatical Error Correction (CGEC) is a critical task in Natural Language Processing, addressing the growing demand for automated writing assistance in both second-language (L2) and native (L1) Chinese writing. While L2 learners…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Mengyang Qiu , Qingyu Gao , Linxuan Yang , Yang Gu , Tran Minh Nguyen , Zihao Huang , Jungyeul Park

One of the goals of automatic evaluation metrics in grammatical error correction (GEC) is to rank GEC systems such that it matches human preferences. However, current automatic evaluations are based on procedures that diverge from human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Takumi Goto , Yusuke Sakai , Taro Watanabe

Grammatical error correction (GEC) is one of the areas in natural language processing in which purely neural models have not yet superseded more traditional symbolic models. Hybrid systems combining phrase-based statistical machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Felix Stahlberg , Christopher Bryant , Bill Byrne

Automated assistants for Grammatical Error Correction are now embedded in educational platforms serving millions of learners, yet three critical gaps remain in this domain: (1) latest-generation Large Language Models (LLMs) lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Adnan Labib , Qiao Wang , Yixuan Huang , Zheng Yuan

In this paper, we propose a system combination method for grammatical error correction (GEC), based on nonlinear integer programming (IP). Our method optimizes a novel F score objective based on error types, and combines multiple end-to-end…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Ruixi Lin , Hwee Tou Ng

Metrics are the foundation for automatic evaluation in grammatical error correction (GEC), with their evaluation of the metrics (meta-evaluation) relying on their correlation with human judgments. However, conventional meta-evaluations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Masamune Kobayashi , Masato Mita , Mamoru Komachi

Grammatical error correction (GEC) is the task of correcting typos, spelling, punctuation and grammatical issues in text. Approaching the problem as a sequence-to-sequence task, we compare the use of a common subword unit vocabulary and…

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) relies on accurate error annotation and evaluation, yet existing frameworks, such as $\texttt{errant}$, face limitations when extended to typologically diverse languages. In this paper, we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mengyang Qiu , Tran Minh Nguyen , Zihao Huang , Zelong Li , Yang Gu , Qingyu Gao , Siliang Liu , Jungyeul Park

Recent work on Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) has highlighted the importance of language modeling in that it is certainly possible to achieve good performance by comparing the probabilities of the proposed edits. At the same time,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Dimitrios Alikaniotis , Vipul Raheja

The paper focuses on the interpretability of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) evaluation metrics, which received little attention in previous studies. To bridge the gap, we introduce **CLEME2.0**, a reference-based metric describing four…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jingheng Ye , Zishan Xu , Yinghui Li , Linlin Song , Qingyu Zhou , Hai-Tao Zheng , Ying Shen , Wenhao Jiang , Hong-Gee Kim , Ruitong Liu , Xin Su , Zifei Shan

Various evaluation metrics have been proposed for Grammatical Error Correction (GEC), but many, particularly reference-free metrics, lack explainability. This lack of explainability hinders researchers from analyzing the strengths and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Takumi Goto , Justin Vasselli , Taro Watanabe