English
Related papers

Related papers: Understanding Transformer Architecture through Con…

200 papers

Modeling complex spatiotemporal dynamical systems, such as the reaction-diffusion processes, have largely relied on partial differential equations (PDEs). However, due to insufficient prior knowledge on some under-explored dynamical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Chengping Rao , Pu Ren , Qi Wang , Oral Buyukozturk , Hao Sun , Yang Liu

Partial differential equations (PDEs) play a central role in describing many physical phenomena. Various scientific and engineering applications demand a versatile and differentiable PDE solver that can quickly generate solutions with…

Standard Transformers have a fixed computational depth, fundamentally limiting their ability to generalize to tasks requiring variable-depth reasoning, such as multi-hop graph traversal or nested logic. We propose a depth-recurrent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hung-Hsuan Chen

Many systems in physics, engineering, and biology exhibit multiscale stochastic dynamics, where low-dimensional slow variables evolve under the influence of high-dimensional fast processes. In practice, observations are often limited to a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Anan Saha , Arnab Ganguly

To preserve previously learned representations, continual learning systems must strike a balance between plasticity, the ability to acquire new knowledge, and stability. This stability-plasticity dilemma affects how representations can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Kathrin Korte , Joachim Winter Pedersen , Eleni Nisioti , Sebastian Risi

Reliable inference of system degradation from sensor data is fundamental to condition monitoring and prognostics in mechanical and infrastructural systems. Since degradation is rarely directly observable and measurable, it must be inferred…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Mengjie Zhao , Olga Fink

In this work, we address two main shortcomings of transformer architectures: input corruption and rank collapse in their output representation. We unveil self-attention as an autonomous state-space model that inherently promotes smoothness…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Tam Nguyen , César A. Uribe , Tan M. Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs), a framework of continuous-depth neural networks, have been widely applied, showing exceptional efficacy in coping with representative datasets. Recently, an augmented framework has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Qunxi Zhu , Yao Guo , Wei Lin

This article establishes the foundation for a new theory of invariant/integral manifolds for non-autonomous dynamical systems. Current rigorous support for dimensional reduction modelling of slow-fast systems is limited by the rare events…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-06-01 A. J. Roberts

Language modeling has shown us that transformers can discover latent structure from context, but the dynamics of how they acquire different components of that structure remain poorly understood, leading to assertions that models just remix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Rohan Saha , Farzane Aminmansour , Alona Fyshe

Solving time-dependent Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) using a densely discretized spatial domain is a fundamental problem in various scientific and engineering disciplines, including modeling climate phenomena and fluid dynamics.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jan Hagnberger , Daniel Musekamp , Mathias Niepert

Deep models have recently emerged as promising tools to solve partial differential equations (PDEs), known as neural PDE solvers. While neural solvers trained from either simulation data or physics-informed loss can solve PDEs reasonably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Hang Zhou , Yuezhou Ma , Haixu Wu , Haowen Wang , Mingsheng Long

It has recently been shown that the evolution of a linear Partial Differential Equation (PDE) can be more conveniently represented in terms of the evolution of a higher spatial derivative of the state. This higher spatial derivative (termed…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Declan Jagt , Peter Seiler , Matthew Peet

We present a numerical framework for deep neural network (DNN) modeling of unknown time-dependent partial differential equations (PDE) using their trajectory data. Unlike the recent work of [Wu and Xiu, J. Comput. Phys. 2020], where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Zhen Chen , Victor Churchill , Kailiang Wu , Dongbin Xiu

Transformer models have emerged as fundamental tools across various scientific and engineering disciplines, owing to their outstanding performance in diverse applications. Despite this empirical success, the theoretical foundations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhen Qin , Jinxin Zhou , Jiachen Jiang , Zhihui Zhu

Sequential decision-making algorithms such as reinforcement learning (RL) in real-world scenarios inevitably face environments with partial observability. This paper scrutinizes the effectiveness of a popular architecture, namely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chenhao Lu , Ruizhe Shi , Yuyao Liu , Kaizhe Hu , Simon S. Du , Huazhe Xu

Transformers have empowered many milestones across various fields and have recently been applied to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). However, since PDEs are typically discretized into large-scale meshes with complex geometries,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Haixu Wu , Huakun Luo , Haowen Wang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Partial differential equation (PDE)-constrained optimization arises in many scientific and engineering domains, such as energy systems, fluid dynamics and material design. In these problems, the decision variables (e.g., control inputs or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yusuf Guven , Vincenzo Di Vito , Ferdinando Fioretto

Despite the widely recognized success of residual connections in modern neural networks, their design principles remain largely heuristic. This paper introduces KITINet (Kinetics Theory Inspired Network), a novel architecture that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Mingquan Feng , Yifan Fu , Tongcheng Zhang , Yu Jiang , Yixin Huang , Junchi Yan

The transformer is a neural network component that can be used to learn useful representations of sequences or sets of data-points. The transformer has driven recent advances in natural language processing, computer vision, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Richard E. Turner