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One of the most important obligations of privacy-enhancing technologies is to bring confidentiality and privacy to users' browsing activities on the Internet. The website fingerprinting attack enables a local passive eavesdropper to predict…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Amir Mahdi Sadeghzadeh , Behrad Tajali , Rasool Jalili

The neural network (NN) becomes one of the most heated type of models in various signal processing applications. However, NNs are extremely vulnerable to adversarial examples (AEs). To defend AEs, adversarial training (AT) is believed to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Mingyuan Fan , Yang Liu , Cen Chen

Convolutional neural networks have outperformed humans in image recognition tasks, but they remain vulnerable to attacks from adversarial examples. Since these data are crafted by adding imperceptible noise to normal images, their existence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Heng Yin , Hengwei Zhang , Jindong Wang , Ruiyu Dou

The generation of transferable adversarial perturbations typically involves training a generator to maximize embedding separation between clean and adversarial images at a single mid-layer of a source model. In this work, we build on this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Krishna Kanth Nakka , Alexandre Alahi

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have gained significant popularity in the last decade for solving narrow AI problems in domains such as healthcare, transportation, and defense. As ANNs become more ubiquitous, it is imperative to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Tommy Li , Cory Merkel

Recent studies have highlighted the vulnerability of deep neural networks (DNNs) to adversarial examples - a visually indistinguishable adversarial image can easily be crafted to cause a well-trained model to misclassify. Existing methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-13 Pin-Yu Chen , Yash Sharma , Huan Zhang , Jinfeng Yi , Cho-Jui Hsieh

We investigate to what extent alternative variants of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are susceptible to adversarial attacks. We analyse the adversarial robustness of conventional, stochastic ANNs and Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Yi Xiang Marcus Tan , Yuval Elovici , Alexander Binder

Existing black-box attacks on deep neural networks (DNNs) so far have largely focused on transferability, where an adversarial instance generated for a locally trained model can "transfer" to attack other learning models. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Arjun Nitin Bhagoji , Warren He , Bo Li , Dawn Song

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are acknowledged as vulnerable to adversarial attacks, while the existing black-box attacks require extensive queries on the victim DNN to achieve high success rates. For query-efficiency, surrogate models of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Sizhe Chen , Zhehao Huang , Qinghua Tao , Xiaolin Huang

Deep neural networks can be easily fooled into making incorrect predictions through corruption of the input by adversarial perturbations: human-imperceptible artificial noise. So far adversarial training has been the most successful defense…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Lin Li , Michael Spratling

Transfer-based attacks generate adversarial examples on the surrogate model, which can mislead other black-box models without access, making it promising to attack real-world applications. Recently, several works have been proposed to boost…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Xiaosen Wang , Kangheng Tong , Kun He

Adversarial transferability remains a critical challenge in evaluating the robustness of deep neural networks. In security-critical applications, transferability enables black-box attacks without access to model internals, making it a key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Amira Guesmi , Bassem Ouni , Muhammad Shafique

An intriguing property of deep neural networks is the existence of adversarial examples, which can transfer among different architectures. These transferable adversarial examples may severely hinder deep neural network-based applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-08 Yanpei Liu , Xinyun Chen , Chang Liu , Dawn Song

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many tasks but have shown extreme vulnerabilities to attacks generated by adversarial examples. Many works go with a white-box attack that assumes total access to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Phoenix Williams , Ke Li

Although deep-learning based video recognition models have achieved remarkable success, they are vulnerable to adversarial examples that are generated by adding human-imperceptible perturbations on clean video samples. As indicated in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Zhipeng Wei , Jingjing Chen , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Despite the fact that adversarial training has become the de facto method for improving the robustness of deep neural networks, it is well-known that vanilla adversarial training suffers from daunting robust overfitting, resulting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Tianjin Huang , Shiwei Liu , Tianlong Chen , Meng Fang , Li Shen , Vlaod Menkovski , Lu Yin , Yulong Pei , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Transferability is the property of adversarial examples to be misclassified by other models than the surrogate model for which they were crafted. Previous research has shown that early stopping the training of the surrogate model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Martin Gubri , Maxime Cordy , Yves Le Traon

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. Adversarial training (AT) is an effective defense against adversarial examples. However, AT is prone to overfitting which degrades robustness substantially. Recently, data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Lin Li , Jianing Qiu , Michael Spratling

Adversarial training (AT) aims to improve the robustness of deep learning models by mixing clean data and adversarial examples (AEs). Most existing AT approaches can be grouped into restricted and unrestricted approaches. Restricted AT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Haidong Xie , Xueshuang Xiang , Naijin Liu , Bin Dong

Despite remarkable achievements in deep learning across various domains, its inherent vulnerability to adversarial examples still remains a critical concern for practical deployment. Adversarial training has emerged as one of the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Junhao Dong , Xinghua Qu , Z. Jane Wang , Yew-Soon Ong