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As large language models (LLMs) see increasing adoption across the globe, it is imperative for LLMs to be representative of the linguistic diversity of the world. India is a linguistically diverse country of 1.4 Billion people. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Harman Singh , Nitish Gupta , Shikhar Bharadwaj , Dinesh Tewari , Partha Talukdar

Existing Indic ASR benchmarks often use scripted, clean speech and leaderboard driven evaluation that encourages dataset specific overfitting. In addition, strict single reference WER penalizes natural spelling variation in Indian…

The recent advances in deep-learning have led to the development of highly sophisticated systems with an unquenchable appetite for data. On the other hand, building good deep-learning models for low-resource languages remains a challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Maithili Sabane , Onkar Litake , Aman Chadha

Cross-lingual retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a critical capability for retrieving and generating answers across languages. Prior work in this context has mostly focused on generation and relied on benchmarks derived from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chen Amiraz , Yaroslav Fyodorov , Elad Haramaty , Zohar Karnin , Liane Lewin-Eytan

Urdu is a widely spoken language with 163 million speakers worldwide across the globe. Information Retrieval (IR) for Urdu entails special consideration of research community due to its rich morphological features and a large number of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Muntaha Iqbal , Kamran Amjad , Bilal Tahir , Muhammad Amir Mehmood

Instruction-following benchmarks remain predominantly English-centric, leaving a critical evaluation gap for the hundreds of millions of Indic language speakers. We introduce IndicIFEval, a benchmark evaluating constrained generation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Thanmay Jayakumar , Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman Khan , Raj Dabre , Ratish Puduppully , Anoop Kunchukuttan

Bengali is an underrepresented language in NLP research. However, it remains a challenge due to its unique linguistic structure and computational constraints. In this work, we systematically investigate the challenges that hinder Bengali…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Shimanto Bhowmik , Tawsif Tashwar Dipto , Md Sazzad Islam , Sheryl Hsu , Tahsin Reasat

Hindi, one of the most spoken language of India, exhibits a diverse array of accents due to its usage among individuals from diverse linguistic origins. To enable a robust evaluation of Hindi ASR systems on multiple accents, we create a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Tahir Javed , Janki Nawale , Sakshi Joshi , Eldho George , Kaushal Bhogale , Deovrat Mehendale , Mitesh M. Khapra

This study finds that existing information retrieval (IR) models show significant biases based on the linguistic complexity of input queries, performing well on linguistically simpler (or more complex) queries while underperforming on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jiali Cheng , Hadi Amiri

A cornerstone in AI research has been the creation and adoption of standardized training and test datasets to earmark the progress of state-of-the-art models. A particularly successful example is the GLUE dataset for training and evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Tahir Javed , Kaushal Santosh Bhogale , Abhigyan Raman , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Pratyush Kumar , Mitesh M. Khapra

One out of four children in India are leaving grade eight without basic reading skills. Measuring the reading levels in a vast country like India poses significant hurdles. Recent advances in machine learning opens up the possibility of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-14 Dolly Agarwal , Jayant Gupchup , Nishant Baghel

We introduce and define the novel problem of multi-distribution information retrieval (IR) where given a query, systems need to retrieve passages from within multiple collections, each drawn from a different distribution. Some of these…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Soumya Chatterjee , Omar Khattab , Simran Arora

Recent NLP advances focus primarily on standardized languages, leaving most low-resource dialects under-served especially in Indian scenarios. In India, the issue is particularly important: despite Hindi being the third most spoken language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Tarun Sharma , Manikandan Ravikiran , Sourava Kumar Behera , Pramit Bhattacharya , Arnab Bhattacharya , Rohit Saluja

There has been limited success for dense retrieval models in multilingual retrieval, due to uneven and scarce training data available across multiple languages. Synthetic training data generation is promising (e.g., InPars or Promptagator),…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Nandan Thakur , Jianmo Ni , Gustavo Hernández Ábrego , John Wieting , Jimmy Lin , Daniel Cer

In this paper, we present DuReader_retrieval, a large-scale Chinese dataset for passage retrieval. DuReader_retrieval contains more than 90K queries and over 8M unique passages from a commercial search engine. To alleviate the shortcomings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Yifu Qiu , Hongyu Li , Yingqi Qu , Ying Chen , Qiaoqiao She , Jing Liu , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Multi-condition information retrieval (IR) presents a significant, yet underexplored challenge for existing systems. This paper introduces MultiConIR, a benchmark specifically designed to evaluate retrieval and reranking models under…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Xuan Lu , Sifan Liu , Bochao Yin , Yongqi Li , Xinghao Chen , Hui Su , Yaohui Jin , Wenjun Zeng , Xiaoyu Shen

The rapid progress in question-answering (QA) systems has predominantly benefited high-resource languages, leaving Indic languages largely underrepresented despite their vast native speaker base. In this paper, we present IndicSQuAD, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Sharvi Endait , Ruturaj Ghatage , Aditya Kulkarni , Rajlaxmi Patil , Raviraj Joshi

The growth of conversational AI services has increased demand for effective information retrieval from dialogue data. However, existing methods often face challenges in capturing semantic intent or require extensive labeling and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Sangyeop Kim , Hangyeul Lee , Yohan Lee

We present Mr. TyDi, a multi-lingual benchmark dataset for mono-lingual retrieval in eleven typologically diverse languages, designed to evaluate ranking with learned dense representations. The goal of this resource is to spur research in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Xinyu Zhang , Xueguang Ma , Peng Shi , Jimmy Lin

Code retrieval is essential in modern software development, as it boosts code reuse and accelerates debugging. However, current benchmarks primarily emphasize functional relevance while neglecting critical dimensions of software quality.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jiahui Geng , Fengyu Cai , Shaobo Cui , Qing Li , Liangwei Chen , Chenyang Lyu , Haonan Li , Derui Zhu , Walter Pretschner , Heinz Koeppl , Fakhri Karray