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We propose a straightforward approach called Distillation Contrastive Decoding (DCD) to enhance the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) during inference. In contrast to previous approaches that relied on smaller amateur…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Phuc Phan , Hieu Tran , Long Phan

Knowledge Distillation (KD) compresses computationally expensive pre-trained language models (PLMs) by transferring their knowledge to smaller models, allowing their use in resource-constrained or real-time settings. However, most smaller…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Hayeon Lee , Rui Hou , Jongpil Kim , Davis Liang , Hongbo Zhang , Sung Ju Hwang , Alexander Min

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in recent natural language processing (NLP) tasks, their deployment poses substantial challenges due to high computational and memory demands in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Chenglin Li , Qianglong Chen , Liangyue Li , Caiyu Wang , Yicheng Li , Zulong Chen , Yin Zhang

Large reasoning models such as DeepSeek-R1 and their distilled variants achieve strong performance on complex reasoning tasks. Yet, distilling these models often demands large-scale data for supervised fine-tuning (SFT), motivating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Lechen Zhang , Yunxiang Zhang , Wei Hu , Lu Wang

Language models rely on semantic priors to perform in-context learning, which leads to poor performance on tasks involving inductive reasoning. Instruction-tuning methods based on imitation learning can superficially enhance the in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Nafis Sadeq , Xin Xu , Zhouhang Xie , Julian McAuley , Byungkyu Kang , Prarit Lamba , Xiang Gao

Advanced reasoning typically requires Chain-of-Thought prompting, which is accurate but incurs prohibitive latency and substantial test-time inference costs. The standard alternative, fine-tuning smaller models, often sacrifices…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Sanket Badhe , Deep Shah

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional reasoning capabilities, often achieving state-of-the-art performance in various tasks. However, their substantial computational and memory demands, due to billions of parameters, hinder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Xunyu Zhu , Jian Li , Can Ma , Weiping Wang

Language models significantly benefit from context tokens, such as prompts or scratchpads. They perform better when prompted with informative instructions, and they acquire new reasoning capabilities by generating a scratch-pad before…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Charlie Snell , Dan Klein , Ruiqi Zhong

Large language models (LLMs) excel in complex reasoning tasks, and distilling their reasoning capabilities into smaller models has shown promise. However, we uncover an interesting phenomenon, which we term the Small Model Learnability Gap:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuetai Li , Xiang Yue , Zhangchen Xu , Fengqing Jiang , Luyao Niu , Bill Yuchen Lin , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Radha Poovendran

Chain-of-thought (CoT) distillation aims to enhance small language models' (SLMs) reasoning by transferring multi-step reasoning capability from the larger teacher models. However, existing work underestimates rationale quality, focusing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jianzhi Yan , Le Liu , Youcheng Pan , Shiwei Chen , Yang Xiang , Buzhou Tang

Humans use abstract concepts for understanding instead of hard features. Recent interpretability research has focused on human-centered concept explanations of neural networks. Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs) estimate a model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Avani Gupta , Saurabh Saini , P J Narayanan

While large language models (LLMs) excel in various natural language processing tasks, their huge size and the inaccessibility of parameters present challenges for practical deployment. Previous studies try to distill task-specific ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Xuekai Zhu , Biqing Qi , Kaiyan Zhang , Xinwei Long , Zhouhan Lin , Bowen Zhou

Leveraging shared learning through Massively Multilingual Models, state-of-the-art machine translation models are often able to adapt to the paucity of data for low-resource languages. However, this performance comes at the cost of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Harshita Diddee , Sandipan Dandapat , Monojit Choudhury , Tanuja Ganu , Kalika Bali

Image-text contrastive models like CLIP have wide applications in zero-shot classification, image-text retrieval, and transfer learning. However, they often struggle on compositional visio-linguistic tasks (e.g., attribute-binding or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Samyadeep Basu , Shell Xu Hu , Maziar Sanjabi , Daniela Massiceti , Soheil Feizi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have displayed remarkable performances across various complex tasks by leveraging Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. Recently, studies have proposed a Knowledge Distillation (KD) approach, reasoning distillation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Hojae Lee , Junho Kim , SangKeun Lee

The advent of contextual word embeddings -- representations of words which incorporate semantic and syntactic information from their context -- has led to tremendous improvements on a wide variety of NLP tasks. However, recent contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Prakhar Gupta , Martin Jaggi

Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates large language model inference by employing a faster draft model for generating multiple tokens, which are then verified in parallel by the larger target model, resulting in the text generated according…

Tiny, causal models are crucial for embedded audio machine learning applications. Model compression can be achieved via distilling knowledge from a large teacher into a smaller student model. In this work, we propose a novel two-step…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Rayan Daod Nathoo , Mikolaj Kegler , Marko Stamenovic

Knowledge distillation (KD) is widely used for compressing a teacher model to a smaller student model, reducing its inference cost and memory footprint while preserving model capabilities. However, current KD methods for auto-regressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Jongwoo Ko , Sungnyun Kim , Tianyi Chen , Se-Young Yun

With the rapid development of deep learning, large language models have shown strong capabilities in complex reasoning tasks such as mathematical equation solving. However, their substantial computational and storage costs hinder practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Fengming Yu , Qingyu Meng , Haiwei Pan , Kejia Zhang
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