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Learning theory has traditionally followed a model-centric approach, focusing on designing optimal algorithms for a fixed natural learning task (e.g., linear classification or regression). In this paper, we adopt a complementary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Steve Hanneke , Shay Moran , Alexander Shlimovich , Amir Yehudayoff

Applications of machine learning in healthcare often require working with time-to-event prediction tasks including prognostication of an adverse event, re-hospitalization or death. Such outcomes are typically subject to censoring due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Chirag Nagpal , Willa Potosnak , Artur Dubrawski

Nonparametric and semiparametric methods are commonly used in survival analysis to mitigate the bias due to model misspecification. However, such methods often cannot estimate upper-tail survival quantiles when a sizable proportion of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-19 Yifan Wang , Tian You , Martin Lysy

An individualized dose rule recommends a dose level within a continuous safe dose range based on patient level information such as physical conditions, genetic factors and medication histories. Traditionally, personalized dose finding…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-21 Liangyu Zhu , Wenbin Lu , Michael R. Kosorok , Rui Song

The usual parametric models for survival data are of the following form. Some parametrically specified hazard rate $\alpha(s,\theta)$ is assumed for possibly censored random life times $X_1^0,\ldots,X_n^0$; one observes only…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-25 Nils Lid Hjort

Beyond conditional average treatment effects, treatments may impact the entire outcome distribution in covariate-dependent ways, for example, by altering the variance or tail risks for specific subpopulations. We propose a novel estimand to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-18 Saksham Jain , Alex Luedtke

In many applied optimization settings, parameters that define the constraints may not guarantee the best possible solution, and superior solutions might exist that are infeasible for the given parameter values. Removing such constraints,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-22 Farzin Ahmadi , Todd R. McNutt , Kimia Ghobadi

Personalized decision-making, tailored to individual characteristics, is gaining significant attention. The optimal treatment regime aims to provide the best-expected outcome in the entire population, known as the value function. One…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-28 Yuwen Cheng , Shu Yang

Databases derived from electronic health records (EHRs) are commonly subject to left truncation, a type of selection bias induced due to patients needing to survive long enough to satisfy certain entry criteria. Standard methods to adjust…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-01 Arjun Sondhi

A survival dataset describes a set of instances (e.g. patients) and provides, for each, either the time until an event (e.g. death), or the censoring time (e.g. when lost to follow-up - which is a lower bound on the time until the event).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Ali Hossein Gharari Foomani , Michael Cooper , Russell Greiner , Rahul G. Krishnan

Randomized clinical trials eliminate confounding but impose strict exclusion criteria that limit recruitment to a subset of the population. Observational datasets are more inclusive but suffer from confounding -- often providing overly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-31 Eric V. Strobl , Thomas A. Lasko

This paper introduces new effect parameters for factorial survival designs with possibly right-censored time-to-event data. In the special case of a two-sample design it coincides with the concordance or Wilcoxon parameter in survival…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-30 Dennis Dobler , Markus Pauly

Practitioners conducting adaptive experiments often encounter two competing priorities: maximizing total welfare (or `reward') through effective treatment assignment and swiftly concluding experiments to implement population-wide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Chao Qin , Daniel Russo

Data-driven individualized decision making has recently received increasing research interests. Most existing methods rely on the assumption of no unmeasured confounding, which unfortunately cannot be ensured in practice especially in…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-26 Zhengling Qi , Rui Miao , Xiaoke Zhang

Randomly censored survival data are frequently encountered in applied sciences including biomedical or reliability applications and clinical trial analyses. Testing the significance of statistical hypotheses is crucial in such analyses to…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-08 Abhik Ghosh , Ayanendranath Basu , Leandro Pardo

Real-world data (RWD) gains growing interests to provide a representative sample of the population for selecting the optimal treatment options. However, existing complex black box methods for estimating individualized treatment rules (ITR)…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-12 Yunshu Zhang , Shu Yang , Wendy Ye , Ilya Lipkovich , Douglas E. Faries

In medical settings, treatment assignment may be determined by a clinically important covariate that predicts patients' risk of event. There is a class of methods from the social science literature known as regression discontinuity (RD)…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-13 Youngjoo Cho , Chen Hu , Debashis Ghosh

Hazard ratios are ubiquitously used in time to event analysis to quantify treatment effects. Although hazard ratios are invaluable for hypothesis testing, other measures of association, both relative and absolute, may be used to fully…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-02 Federico Ambrogi , Simona Iacobelli , Per Kragh Andersen

We investigate the performance of model based bootstrap methods for constructing point-wise confidence intervals around the survival function with interval censored data. We show that bootstrapping from the nonparametric maximum likelihood…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-12-24 Bodhisattva Sen , Gongjun Xu

We develop a conservative continuous-time stochastic control framework for treatment optimization from irregularly sampled patient trajectories. The unknown patient dynamics are modeled as a controlled stochastic differential equation with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Nora Schneider , Georg Manten , Niki Kilbertus