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Requirements Engineering (RE) is a critical phase in software development including the elicitation, analysis, specification, and validation of software requirements. Despite the importance of RE, it remains a challenging process due to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Chetan Arora , John Grundy , Mohamed Abdelrazek

Prompting LLMs for complex tasks (e.g., building a trip advisor chatbot) needs humans to clearly articulate customized requirements (e.g., "start the response with a tl;dr"). However, existing prompt engineering instructions often lack…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Qianou Ma , Weirui Peng , Chenyang Yang , Hua Shen , Kenneth Koedinger , Tongshuang Wu

The rapid emergence of generative AI models like Large Language Models (LLMs) has demonstrated its utility across various activities, including within Requirements Engineering (RE). Ensuring the quality and accuracy of LLM-generated output…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Krishna Ronanki , Simon Arvidsson , Johan Axell

Prompt engineering has emerged as an integral technique for extending the strengths and abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to gain significant performance gains in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. This approach, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Munazza Zaib , Elaf Alhazmi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to revolutionize automated traceability by overcoming the challenges faced by previous methods and introducing new possibilities. However, the optimal utilization of LLMs for automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Alberto D. Rodriguez , Katherine R. Dearstyne , Jane Cleland-Huang

[Context]: Companies are increasingly recognizing the importance of automating Requirements Engineering (RE) tasks due to their resource-intensive nature. The advent of GenAI has made these tasks more amenable to automation, thanks to its…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Krishna Ronanki , Beatriz Cabrero-Daniel , Jennifer Horkoff , Christian Berger

Prompt engineering is an increasingly important skill set needed to converse effectively with large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT. Prompts are instructions given to an LLM to enforce rules, automate processes, and ensure specific…

Advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to a surge of prompt engineering (PE) techniques that can enhance various requirements engineering (RE) tasks. However, current LLMs are often characterized by significant uncertainty…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Kaicheng Huang , Fanyu Wang , Yutan Huang , Chetan Arora

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown prominent performance in various downstream tasks and prompt engineering plays a pivotal role in optimizing LLMs' performance. This paper, not only as an overview of current prompt engineering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Haochen Li , Jonathan Leung , Zhiqi Shen

Interaction with Large Language Models (LLMs) is primarily carried out via prompting. A prompt is a natural language instruction designed to elicit certain behaviour or output from a model. In theory, natural language prompts enable…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Michael Desmond , Michelle Brachman

Large Language Models, particularly decoder-only generative models such as GPT, are increasingly used to automate Software Engineering tasks. These models are primarily guided through natural language prompts, making prompt engineering a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Alexander Korn , Lea Zaruchas , Chetan Arora , Andreas Metzger , Sven Smolka , Fanyu Wang , Andreas Vogelsang

Prompt engineering has emerged as an indispensable technique for extending the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs). This approach leverages task-specific instructions, known as prompts, to enhance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Pranab Sahoo , Ayush Kumar Singh , Sriparna Saha , Vinija Jain , Samrat Mondal , Aman Chadha

Prompt design and engineering has rapidly become essential for maximizing the potential of large language models. In this paper, we introduce core concepts, advanced techniques like Chain-of-Thought and Reflection, and the principles behind…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Xavier Amatriain

Large language models (LLMs) are incredibly powerful at comprehending and generating data in the form of text, but are brittle and error-prone. There has been an advent of toolkits and recipes centered around so-called prompt…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Aditya G. Parameswaran , Shreya Shankar , Parth Asawa , Naman Jain , Yujie Wang

In recent years, transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have revolutionised natural language processing (NLP), with generative models opening new possibilities for tasks that require context-aware text generation. Requirements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Waad Alhoshan , Alessio Ferrari , Liping Zhao

GPT-3 and several other language models (LMs) can effectively address various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, including machine translation and text summarization. Recently, they have also been successfully employed in the business…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Kiran Busch , Alexander Rochlitzer , Diana Sola , Henrik Leopold

Prompt engineering is critical for the development of LLM-based applications. However, it is usually done manually in a "trial and error" fashion that can be time consuming, ineffective, and sub-optimal. Even for the prompts which seemingly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Weize Kong , Spurthi Amba Hombaiah , Mingyang Zhang , Qiaozhu Mei , Michael Bendersky

Prompt engineering has emerged as a powerful technique for guiding large language models (LLMs) toward desired responses, significantly enhancing their performance across diverse tasks. Beyond their role as static predictors, LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Ryumei Nakada , Wenlong Ji , Tianxi Cai , James Zou , Linjun Zhang

Prompt engineering is crucial for achieving reliable and effective outputs from large language models (LLMs), but its design requires specialized knowledge of prompting techniques and a deep understanding of target tasks. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yohei Ikenoue , Hitomi Tashiro , Shigeru Kuroyanagi

The springing up of Large Language Models (LLMs) has shifted the community from single-task-orientated natural language processing (NLP) research to a holistic end-to-end multi-task learning paradigm. Along this line of research endeavors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yuanfeng Song , Yuanqin He , Xuefang Zhao , Hanlin Gu , Di Jiang , Haijun Yang , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang
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