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This paper presents an extensive examination of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) for embedding domain specific facts into Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on improving the fine-tuning process by categorizing question-answer (QA)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shivam Ratnakar , Abhiroop Talasila , Raghav Chamadiya , Nikhil Agarwal , Vinayak K Doifode

The rise of deep learning has marked significant progress in fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, and medical imaging, primarily through the adaptation of pre-trained models for specific tasks. Traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Charith Chandra Sai Balne , Sreyoshi Bhaduri , Tamoghna Roy , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

Continual learning (CL) aims to extend deep models from static and enclosed environments to dynamic and complex scenarios, enabling systems to continuously acquire new knowledge of novel categories without forgetting previously learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Sunyuan Qiang , Xuxin Lin , Yanyan Liang , Jun Wan , Du Zhang

As advancements in large language models (LLMs) continue and the demand for personalized models increases, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods (e.g., LoRA) will become essential due to their efficiency in reducing computation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Mingjie Li , Wai Man Si , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang , Yisen Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven highly effective in automating software engineering tasks, bridging natural language and code semantics to achieve notable results in code generation and summarization. However, their scale incurs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Md Zahidul Haque , Saima Afrin , Antonio Mastropaolo

Popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as LoRA and its variants, freeze pre-trained model weights \(W\) and inject learnable matrices \(\Delta W\). These \(\Delta W\) matrices are structured for efficient…

Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques have drawn significant attention due to their ability to yield competitive results while updating only a small portion of the adjustable parameters. However, existing PEFT methods pose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Muling Wu , Wenhao Liu , Xiaohua Wang , Tianlong Li , Changze Lv , Zixuan Ling , Jianhao Zhu , Cenyuan Zhang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) show impressive performance in various downstream NLP tasks. However, pre-training large language models demands substantial memory and training compute. Furthermore, due to the substantial resources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 HyunJin Kim , Young Jin Kim , JinYeong Bak

Continual learning (CL) aims to continually accumulate knowledge from a non-stationary data stream without catastrophic forgetting of learned knowledge, requiring a balance between stability and adaptability. Relying on the generalizable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Huiyi Wang , Haodong Lu , Lina Yao , Dong Gong

Multi-task reinforcement learning endeavors to accomplish a set of different tasks with a single policy. To enhance data efficiency by sharing parameters across multiple tasks, a common practice segments the network into distinct modules…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Jinmin He , Kai Li , Yifan Zang , Haobo Fu , Qiang Fu , Junliang Xing , Jian Cheng

Parameter-Efficient FineTuning (PEFT) methods have recently gained significant popularity thanks to the widespread availability of large-scale pretrained models. These methods allow for quick adaptation to downstream tasks with minimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Massimo Bini , Leander Girrbach , Zeynep Akata

Existing works show that augmenting the training data of pre-trained language models (PLMs) for classification tasks fine-tuned via parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods (PEFT) using both clean and adversarial examples can enhance their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Tuc Nguyen , Thai Le

Finetuning language models (LMs) is crucial for adapting the models to downstream data and tasks. However, full finetuning is usually costly. Existing work, such as parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT), often focuses on \textit{how to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jian Gu , Aldeida Aleti , Chunyang Chen , Hongyu Zhang

The rapid emergence of diverse large language models (LLMs) has spurred the development of LLM routers that assign user queries to the most suitable model. However, existing LLM routers typically perform a single-round, one-to-one mapping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Haozhen Zhang , Tao Feng , Jiaxuan You

Large language models are increasingly adapted to downstream tasks through fine-tuning. Full supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), are two dominant approaches.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Darshita Rathore , Vineet Kumar , Chetna Bansal , Anindya Moitra

Recent advances in pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities in capturing universal knowledge, making them promising for radar signal processing applications. Nevertheless, directly fine-tuning PLMs on radar…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-01 Qiying Hu , Yaowen Li , Shengyi Zhang , Chuan Huang , Yu Liu , You He

The "pre-training $\rightarrow$ downstream adaptation" presents both new opportunities and challenges for Continual Learning (CL). Although the recent state-of-the-art in CL is achieved through Parameter-Efficient-Tuning (PET) adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Qiankun Gao , Chen Zhao , Yifan Sun , Teng Xi , Gang Zhang , Bernard Ghanem , Jian Zhang

The rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) and related fields. However, fine-tuning these models for specific tasks remains computationally expensive and risks degrading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Md Kowsher , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Prakash Bhat

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted for complex scientific text generation tasks, yet they often suffer from limitations in accuracy, consistency, and hallucination control. This thesis introduces a Parameter-Efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Daniil Sulimov

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as an critical technique for adapting large-scale foundation models across natural language processing and computer vision. While existing methods such as low-rank adaptations achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 An Nguyen , Jaesik Choi , Anh Tong