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Despite their impressive performance, deep visual models are susceptible to transferable black-box adversarial attacks. Principally, these attacks craft perturbations in a target model-agnostic manner. However, surprisingly, we find that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Mohammad A. A. K. Jalwana , Naveed Akhtar , Ajmal Mian , Nazanin Rahnavard , Mubarak Shah

Recent works have shown that deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples that find samples close to the original image but can make the model misclassify. Even with access only to the model's output, an attacker can employ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Quang H. Nguyen , Yingjie Lao , Tung Pham , Kok-Seng Wong , Khoa D. Doan

In generating adversarial examples, the conventional black-box attack methods rely on sufficient feedback from the to-be-attacked models by repeatedly querying until the attack is successful, which usually results in thousands of trials…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Renyang Liu , Wei Zhou , Xin Jin , Song Gao , Yuanyu Wang , Ruxin Wang

The vulnerability of deep neural networks to adversarial examples has drawn tremendous attention from the community. Three approaches, optimizing standard objective functions, exploiting attention maps, and smoothing decision surfaces, are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Yi Huang , Adams Wai-Kin Kong

Many optimization methods for generating black-box adversarial examples have been proposed, but the aspect of initializing said optimizers has not been considered in much detail. We show that the choice of starting points is indeed crucial,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Thomas Brunner , Frederik Diehl , Alois Knoll

Detecting vehicles in aerial images is difficult due to complex backgrounds, small object sizes, shadows, and occlusions. Although recent deep learning advancements have improved object detection, these models remain susceptible to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Mikael Yeghiazaryan , Sai Abhishek Siddhartha Namburu , Emily Kim , Stanislav Panev , Celso de Melo , Fernando De la Torre , Jessica K. Hodgins

Black box attacks, where adversaries have limited knowledge of the target model, pose a significant threat to machine learning systems. Adversarial examples generated with a substitute model often suffer from limited transferability to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Bar Avraham , Yisroel Mirsky

Deep learning models for point clouds have shown to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which have received increasing attention in various safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving, robotics, and surveillance. Existing 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Shiyu Hu , Daizong Liu , Wei Hu

This work investigates efficient score-based black-box adversarial attacks that achieve a high Attack Success Rate (ASR) and good generalization ability. We propose a novel attack framework, termed DifAttack++, which operates in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jun Liu , Jiantao Zhou , Jiandian Zeng , Jinyu Tian , Isao Echizen

We focus on the problem of black-box adversarial attacks, where the aim is to generate adversarial examples for deep learning models solely based on information limited to output label~(hard label) to a queried data input. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Satya Narayan Shukla , Anit Kumar Sahu , Devin Willmott , J. Zico Kolter

Recently, various types of Text-to-Image (T2I) models have emerged (such as DALL-E and Stable Diffusion), and showing their advantages in different aspects. Therefore, some third-party service platforms collect different model interfaces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Ji Guo , Wenbo Jiang , Rui Zhang , Guoming Lu , Hongwei Li

Understanding the capabilities of text-to-image (T2I) models in harmful content generation is essential to safety and compliance. However, human red-teaming is costly and inconsistent, driving the need for automatic tools that simulate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhi-Yi Chin , Pin-Yu Chen , Wei-Chen Chiu , Mario Fritz

Traditional decision-based black-box adversarial attacks on image classifiers aim to generate adversarial examples by slightly modifying input images while keeping the number of queries low, where each query involves sending an input to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mahdi Salmani , Alireza Abdollahpoorrostam , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli

Adversarial black-box attacks aim to craft adversarial perturbations by querying input-output pairs of machine learning models. They are widely used to evaluate the robustness of pre-trained models. However, black-box attacks often suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Lu Wang , Huan Zhang , Jinfeng Yi , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Yuan Jiang

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples that are crafted by imposing imperceptible changes to the inputs. However, these adversarial examples are most successful in white-box settings where the model and its parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Tianjin Huang , Vlado Menkovski , Yulong Pei , YuHao Wang , Mykola Pechenizkiy

In recent years, research on adversarial attacks has become a hot spot. Although current literature on the transfer-based adversarial attack has achieved promising results for improving the transferability to unseen black-box models, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Zheng Yuan , Jie Zhang , Yunpei Jia , Chuanqi Tan , Tao Xue , Shiguang Shan

Minute pixel changes in an image drastically change the prediction that the deep learning model makes. One of the most significant problems that could arise due to this, for instance, is autonomous driving. Many methods have been proposed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Shreyank N Gowda , Chun Yuan

Black-box adversarial attacks that minimize only the ground-truth confidence suffer from class drift: perturbations wander through the feature space without committing to a specific adversarial class, wasting queries on diffuse, undirected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Florent Tariolle , Florian Yger

Text-to-image diffusion models (T2I DMs) have achieved remarkable success in generating high-quality and diverse images from text prompts, yet recent studies have revealed their vulnerability to backdoor attacks. Existing attack methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Haoran Dai , Jiawen Wang , Ruo Yang , Manali Sharma , Zhonghao Liao , Yuan Hong , Binghui Wang

We propose a voting ensemble of models trained by using block-wise transformed images with secret keys for an adversarially robust defense. Key-based adversarial defenses were demonstrated to outperform state-of-the-art defenses against…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-17 MaungMaung AprilPyone , Hitoshi Kiya