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Fault tolerance is widely regarded as indispensable for achieving scalable and reliable quantum computing. However, the spacetime overhead required for fault-tolerant quantum computating remains prohibitively large. A critical challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Pei Zeng , Guo Zheng , Qian Xu , Liang Jiang

Extensive quantum error correction is necessary in order to perform a useful computation on a noisy quantum computer. Moreover, quantum error correction must be implemented based on imperfect parity check measurements that may return…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 Nicolas Delfosse , Ben W. Reichardt , Krysta M. Svore

The generation of long-lived entanglement on an optical clock transition is a key requirement to unlocking the promise of quantum metrology. Arrays of neutral atoms constitute a capable quantum platform for accessing such physics, where…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2022-08-12 Nathan Schine , Aaron W. Young , William J. Eckner , Michael J. Martin , Adam M. Kaufman

Quantum computing holds the promise of solving classically intractable problems. Enabling this requires scalable and hardware-efficient quantum processors with vanishing error rates. This perspective manuscript describes how bosonic codes,…

Vast numbers of qubits will be needed for large-scale quantum computing due to the overheads associated with error correction. We present a scheme for low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computation based on quantum low-density parity-check…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 Lawrence Z. Cohen , Isaac H. Kim , Stephen D. Bartlett , Benjamin J. Brown

We propose a scheme for efficient cluster state quantum computation by using imperfect polarization-entangled photon-pair sources, linear optical elements and inefficient non-photon-number-resolving detectors. The efficiency threshold for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-10 Yan-Xiao Gong , Xu-Bo Zou , Timothy C. Ralph , Shi-Ning Zhu , Guang-Can Guo

Quantum error correction is capable of digitizing quantum noise and increasing the robustness of qubits. Typically, error correction is designed with the target of eliminating all errors - making an error so unlikely it can be assumed that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Salonik Resch , Ulya R. Karpuzcu

Reliable qubits are difficult to engineer, but standard fault-tolerance schemes use seven or more physical qubits to encode each logical qubit, with still more qubits required for error correction. The large overhead makes it hard to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-02 Rui Chao , Ben W. Reichardt

Quantum computation must be performed in a fault-tolerant manner to be realizable in practice. Recent progress has uncovered quantum error-correcting codes with sparse connectivity requirements and constant qubit overhead. Existing schemes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Dominic J. Williamson , Theodore J. Yoder

Fusion-based quantum computing is an attractive model for fault-tolerant computation based on photonics requiring only finite-sized entangled resource states followed by linear-optics operations and photon measurements. Large-scale…

Many-body fermionic systems can be simulated in a hardware-efficient manner using a fermionic quantum processor. Neutral atoms trapped in optical potentials can realize such processors, where non-local fermionic statistics are guaranteed at…

We describe and analyze a hybrid approach to scalable quantum computation based on an optically connected network of few-qubit quantum registers. We show that probabilistically connected five-qubit quantum registers suffice for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-26 L. Jiang , J. M. Taylor , A. S. Sørensen , M. D. Lukin

I discuss how to perform fault-tolerant quantum computation with concatenated codes using local gates in small numbers of dimensions. I show that a threshold result still exists in three, two, or one dimensions when next-to-nearest-neighbor…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Daniel Gottesman

We investigate the limits of quantum error correction (QEC) in neutral-atom processors approaching high-fidelity gates and fast cycle times. We show that shorter QEC cycles amplify platform-specific errors, notably Rydberg excitation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Laura Pecorari , Gavin K. Brennen , Stanimir S. Kondov , Guido Pupillo

Today's most advanced ion trap quantum computers have significant overhead due to the need for dual-species operation. Looking ahead, logical qubit register sizes will be limited by the encoding rate needed to correct generic Pauli errors.…

The fidelity of entangling operations is a key figure of merit in quantum information processing, especially in the context of quantum error correction. High-fidelity entangling gates in neutral atoms have seen remarkable advancement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-21 Richard Bing-Shiun Tsai , Xiangkai Sun , Adam L. Shaw , Ran Finkelstein , Manuel Endres

We introduce a construction for protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computing based on code concatenation and transversal gates. These protocols can be interpreted as families of quantum circuits of low-weight stabilizer measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Daniel Litinski

This paper proves the threshold result, which asserts that quantum computation can be made robust against errors and inaccuracies, when the error rate, $\eta$, is smaller than a constant threshold, $\eta_c$. The result holds for a very…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dorit Aharonov , Michael Ben-Or

Ultracold atoms trapped in optical lattices have emerged as a scalable and promising platform for quantum simulation and computation. However, gate speeds remain a significant limitation for practical applications. In this work, we employ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Juhi Singh , Jan A. P. Reuter , Tommaso Calarco , Felix Motzoi , Robert Zeier

Realistic fault-tolerant quantum computing at reasonable overhead requires two-qubit gates with the highest possible fidelity. Typically, an infidelity of $\lesssim 10^{-4}$ is recommended in the literature. Focusing on the phase-sensitive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Reinhold Blümel , Andrii Maksymov , Ming Li