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Recommender systems (RS) are widely used in e-commerce for personalized suggestions, yet their openness makes them susceptible to shilling attacks, where adversaries inject fake behaviors to manipulate recommendations. Most existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Kaihong Li , Huichi Zhou , Bin Ma , Fangjun Huang

Hardware security verification is a challenging and time-consuming task. Design engineers may use formal verification, linting, and functional simulation tests, coupled with analysis and a deep understanding of the hardware design being…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Luca Collini , Baleegh Ahmad , Joey Ah-kiow , Ramesh Karri

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as data analysis agents, but existing benchmarks overlook the iterative nature of the field, where experts' decisions evolve with deeper insights of the dataset. To address this, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hanyu Li , Haoyu Liu , Tingyu Zhu , Tianyu Guo , Zeyu Zheng , Xiaotie Deng , Michael I. Jordan

Conventional evaluation methods for multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) lack interpretability and are often insufficient to fully disclose significant capability gaps across models. To address this, we introduce AuditDM, an automated framework that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Qihao Liu , Chengzhi Mao , Yaojie Liu , Alan Yuille , Wen-Sheng Chu

Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS) in large enterprises can generate hundreds of thousands of alerts per hour, overwhelming analysts with logs requiring rapidly evolving expertise. Conventional machine-learning detectors…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Francesco Blefari , Cristian Cosentino , Francesco Aurelio Pironti , Angelo Furfaro , Fabrizio Marozzo

LLM-integrated software, which embeds or interacts with large language models (LLMs) as functional components, exhibits probabilistic and context-dependent behaviors that fundamentally differ from those of traditional software. This shift…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Gou Tan , Zilong He , Min Li , Pengfei Chen , Jieke Shi , Zhensu Sun , Ting Zhang , Danwen Chen , Lwin Khin Shar , Chuanfu Zhang , David Lo

In our research, we introduce a new concept called "LLM Augmented Pentesting" demonstrated with a tool named "Pentest Copilot," that revolutionizes the field of ethical hacking by integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into penetration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Dhruva Goyal , Sitaraman Subramanian , Aditya Peela , Nisha P. Shetty

In large language model (LLM) agents, reasoning trajectories are treated as reliable internal beliefs for guiding actions and updating memory. However, coherent reasoning can still violate logical or evidential constraints, allowing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Wenhao Yuan , Chenchen Lin , Jian Chen , Jinfeng Xu , Xuehe Wang , Edith Cheuk Han Ngai

Insider threat detection presents a significant challenge due to the deceptive nature of malicious behaviors, which often resemble legitimate user operations. However, existing approaches typically model system logs as flat event sequences,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Kaichuan Kong , Dongjie Liu , Xiaobo Jin , Zhiying Li , Guanggang Geng

Multi-agent systems leverage advanced AI models as autonomous agents that interact, cooperate, or compete to complete complex tasks across applications such as robotics and traffic management. Despite their growing importance, safety in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Falong Fan , Xi Li

High-risk industries like nuclear and aviation use real-time monitoring to detect dangerous system conditions. Similarly, Large Language Models (LLMs) need monitoring safeguards. We propose a real-time framework to predict harmful AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Maheep Chaudhary , Fazl Barez

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate outstanding performance in their reservoir of knowledge and understanding capabilities, but they have also been shown to be prone to illegal or unethical reactions when subjected to jailbreak…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Fengxiang Wang , Ranjie Duan , Peng Xiao , Xiaojun Jia , Shiji Zhao , Cheng Wei , YueFeng Chen , Chongwen Wang , Jialing Tao , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Hui Xue

Despite the rapid advancement of LLM-based agents, the reliable evaluation of their safety and security remains a significant challenge. Existing rule-based or LLM-based evaluators often miss dangers in agents' step-by-step actions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hanjun Luo , Shenyu Dai , Chiming Ni , Xinfeng Li , Guibin Zhang , Kun Wang , Tongliang Liu , Hanan Salam

Software issue resolution aims to address real-world issues in software repositories (e.g., bug fixing and efficiency optimization) based on natural language descriptions provided by users, representing a key aspect of software maintenance.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Zhonghao Jiang , David Lo , Zhongxin Liu

The rapidly evolving Node$.$js ecosystem currently includes millions of packages and is a critical part of modern software supply chains, making vulnerability detection of Node$.$js packages increasingly important. However, traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ronghao Ni , Mihai Christodorescu , Limin Jia

Recent advancements in generative AI have led to the widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) in software engineering, addressing numerous long-standing challenges. However, a comprehensive study examining the capabilities of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ting Zhang , Chengran Yang , Yindu Su , Martin Weyssow , Hung Nguyen , Tan Bui , Hong Jin Kang , Yikun Li , Eng Lieh Ouh , Lwin Khin Shar , David Lo

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in human-AI teams as support agents for complex tasks such as information retrieval, programming, and decision-making assistance. While these agents' autonomy and contextual knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Abed K. Musaffar , Ambuj Singh , Francesco Bullo

Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents have been widely deployed in a wide range of applications in the real world, including healthcare diagnostics, financial analysis, customer support, robotics, and autonomous driving,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenrui Xu , Keshab K. Parhi

Adversarial attacks by malicious users that threaten the safety of large language models (LLMs) can be viewed as attempts to infer a target property $T$ that is unknown when an instruction is issued, and becomes knowable only after the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Masahiro Kaneko , Timothy Baldwin

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly employed to automate complex software engineering tasks, such as program repair and issue resolution. These agents operate by autonomously generating natural language thoughts,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Islem Bouzenia , Michael Pradel