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When performing data classification over a stream of continuously occurring instances, a key challenge is to develop an open-world classifier that anticipates instances from an unknown class. Studies addressing this problem, typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Yang Gao , Swarup Chandra , Zhuoyi Wang , Latifur Khan

Time-series anomaly detection (TSAD) is critical in domains such as industrial monitoring, healthcare, and cybersecurity, but it remains challenging due to rare and heterogeneous anomalies and the scarcity of labelled data. This scarcity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Romain Hermary , Samet Hicsonmez , Dan Pineau , Abd El Rahman Shabayek , Djamila Aouada

Anomaly Detection (AD) is evolving through algorithms capable of identifying outliers in complex datasets. The Isolation Forest (IF), a pivotal AD technique, exhibits adaptability limitations and biases. This paper introduces the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Alessio Arcudi , Alessandro Ferreri , Francesco Borsatti , Gian Antonio Susto

Anomaly detection for tabular data has been a long-standing unsupervised learning problem that remains a major challenge for current deep learning models. Recently, in-context learning has emerged as a new paradigm that has shifted efforts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Patryk Marszałek , Tomasz Kuśmierczyk , Marek Śmieja

Among the many challenges posed by the huge data volumes produced by the new generation of astronomical instruments there is also the search for rare and peculiar objects. Unsupervised outlier detection algorithms may provide a viable…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-12 Lars Doorenbos , Stefano Cavuoti , Massimo Brescia , Antonio D'Isanto , Giuseppe Longo

There is a neglected fact in the traditional machine learning methods that the data sampling can actually lead to the solution sampling. We consider this observation to be important because having the solution sampling available makes the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Shangzhen Luan , Baochang Zhang , Jungong Han , Chen Chen , Ling Shao , Alessandro Perina , Linlin Shen

Monitoring complex systems results in massive multivariate time series data, and anomaly detection of these data is very important to maintain the normal operation of the systems. Despite the recent emergence of a large number of anomaly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Liwei Deng , Xuanhao Chen , Yan Zhao , Kai Zheng

Identification of anomalous light curves within time-domain surveys is often challenging. In addition, with the growing number of wide-field surveys and the volume of data produced exceeding astronomers ability for manual evaluation,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-30 Sara Webb , Michelle Lochner , Daniel Muthukrishna , Jeff Cooke , Chris Flynn , Ashish Mahabal , Simon Goode , Igor Andreoni , Tyler Pritchard , Timothy M. C. Abbott

Recently, federated learning frameworks such as Python TestBed for Federated Learning Algorithms and MicroPython TestBed for Federated Learning Algorithms have emerged to tackle user privacy concerns and efficiency in embedded systems. Even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Pavle Vasiljevic , Milica Matic , Miroslav Popovic

Anomaly detection in multivariate time series is an important problem across various fields such as healthcare, financial services, manufacturing or physics detector monitoring. Accurately identifying when unexpected errors or faults occur…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Laura Boggia , Rafael Teixeira de Lima , Bogdan Malaescu

Internet of Things (IoT) sensors in smart buildings are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, making buildings more livable, energy efficient, and sustainable. These devices sense the environment and generate multivariate temporal data of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Raed Abdel Sater , A. Ben Hamza

Functional Isolation Forest (FIF) is a recent state-of-the-art Anomaly Detection (AD) algorithm designed for functional data. It relies on a tree partition procedure where an abnormality score is computed by projecting each curve…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-26 Marta Campi , Guillaume Staerman , Gareth W. Peters , Tomoko Matsui

Recent advances in AIoT technologies have led to an increasing popularity of utilizing machine learning algorithms to detect operational failures for cyber-physical systems (CPS). In its basic form, an anomaly detection module monitors the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Cheng Feng , Pengwei Tian

Anomaly detection for time-series data has been an important research field for a long time. Seminal work on anomaly detection methods has been focussing on statistical approaches. In recent years an increasing number of machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Mohammad Braei , Sebastian Wagner

In this paper, the mathematical analysis of the Isolation Random Forest Method (IRF Method) for anomaly detection is presented. We show that the IRF space can be endowed with a probability induced by the Isolation Tree algorithm (iTree). In…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-05 Fernando A. Morales , Jorge M. Ramírez , Edgar A. Ramos

Explainable anomaly detection methods often have the capability to identify and spatially localise anomalies within an image but lack the capability to differentiate the type of anomaly. Furthermore, they often require the costly training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Alex George , Lyudmila Mihaylova , Sean Anderson

Time series anomaly detection plays a critical role in automated monitoring systems. Most previous deep learning efforts related to time series anomaly detection were based on recurrent neural networks (RNN). In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Tailai Wen , Roy Keyes

Observations in data which are significantly different from its neighbouring points but cannot be classified as noise are known as anomalies or outliers. These anomalies are a cause of concern and a timely warning about their presence could…

Applications · Statistics 2020-06-09 Krishnam Kapoor

A significant limitation of one-class classification anomaly detection methods is their reliance on the assumption that unlabeled training data only contains normal instances. To overcome this impractical assumption, we propose two novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Le Thi Khanh Hien , Sukanya Patra , Souhaib Ben Taieb

Anomaly detection plays an increasingly important role in various fields for critical tasks such as intrusion detection in cybersecurity, financial risk detection, and human health monitoring. A variety of anomaly detection methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Haolong Xiang , Xuyun Zhang , Hongsheng Hu , Lianyong Qi , Wanchun Dou , Mark Dras , Amin Beheshti , Xiaolong Xu