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This paper studies Linear Temporal Logic over Finite Traces (LTLf) where proposition letters are replaced with first-order formulas interpreted over arbitrary theories, in the spirit of Satisfiability Modulo Theories. The resulting logic,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Luca Geatti , Alessandro Gianola , Nicola Gigante

While the complexity of translating future linear temporal logic (LTL) into automata on infinite words is well-understood, the size increase involved in turning automata back to LTL is not. In particular, there is no known elementary bound…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Udi Boker , Karoliina Lehtinen , Salomon Sickert

We study Linear Temporal Logic Modulo Theories over Finite Traces (LTLfMT), a recently introduced extension of LTL over finite traces (LTLf) where propositions are replaced by first-order formulas and where first-order variables referring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Luca Geatti , Alessandro Gianola , Nicola Gigante , Sarah Winkler

This paper introduces a novel technique to decide the satisfiability of formulae written in the language of Linear Temporal Logic with Both future and past operators and atomic formulae belonging to constraint system D (CLTLB(D) for short).…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-02-12 Marcello M. Bersani , Achille Frigeri , Angelo Morzenti , Matteo Pradella , Matteo Rossi , Pierluigi San Pietro

Symbolic automata are finite state automata that support potentially infinite alphabets, such as the set of rational numbers, generally applied to regular expressions/languages over finite words. In symbolic automata (or automata modulo…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Margus Veanes , Thomas Ball , Gabriel Ebner , Olli Saarikivi

One clock alternating timed automata (OCATA) have been introduced as natural extension of (one clock) timed automata to express the semantics of MTL. In this paper, we consider the application of OCATA to the problems of model-checking and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-06-18 Thomas Brihaye , Morgane Estiévenart , Gilles Geeraerts

In this paper we give automata-based representation of LTL-FO$^+$ properties. LTL-FO$^+$ is an extension of LTL that includes first-order quantification over bounded variable, thus greatly increasing the expressivity of the language. An…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Yannick Lebrun , Raphaël Khoury , Sylvain Hallé

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a widely used specification framework for linear time properties of systems. The standard approach for verifying such properties is by transforming LTL formulae to suitable $\omega$-automata and then applying…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-19 Martin Sulzmann , Peter Thiemann

First-order linear temporal logic (FOLTL) is a flexible and expressive formalism capable of naturally describing complex behaviors and properties. Although the logic is in general highly undecidable, the idea of using it as a specification…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Luca Geatti , Alessandro Gianola , Nicola Gigante

Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) is a prominent specification formalism for real-time systems. In this paper, we show that the satisfiability problem for MTL over finite timed words is decidable, with non-primitive recursive complexity. We also…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Joel Ouaknine , James Worrell

Linear temporal logic was introduced in order to reason about reactive systems. It is often considered with respect to infinite words, to specify the behaviour of long-running systems. One can consider more general models for linear time,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-01-11 Julien Cristau

We study multi-task reinforcement learning (RL), a setting in which an agent learns a single, universal policy capable of generalising to arbitrary, possibly unseen tasks. We consider tasks specified as linear temporal logic (LTL) formulae,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Alessandro Abate , Giuseppe De Giacomo , Mathias Jackermeier , Jan Kretínský , Maximilian Prokop , Christoph Weinhuber

Temporal logics are widely used by the Formal Methods and AI communities. Linear Temporal Logic is a popular temporal logic and is valued for its ease of use as well as its balance between expressiveness and complexity. LTL is equivalent in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Kevin W. Smith , Moshe Y. Vardi

Satisfiability modulo theory (SMT) consists in testing the satisfiability of first-order formulas over linear integer or real arithmetic, or other theories. In this survey, we explain the combination of propositional satisfiability and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-06-16 David Monniaux

This paper describes a method for converting formulas in finite propositional linear-time temporal logic (Finite LTL) into finite-state automata whose languages are the models of the given formula. Finite LTL differs from traditional LTL in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Samuel Huang , Rance Cleaveland

A predicate linear temporal logic LTL_{\lambda,=} without quantifiers but with predicate abstraction mechanism and equality is considered. The models of LTL_{\lambda,=} can be naturally seen as the systems of pebbles (flexible constants)…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Alexei Lisitsa , Igor Potapov

A data word is a sequence of pairs of a letter from a finite alphabet and an element from an infinite set, where the latter can only be compared for equality. To reason about data words, linear temporal logic is extended by the freeze…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-04-03 Stephane Demri , Ranko Lazic

Linear temporal logic (LTL) has recently been adopted as a powerful formalism for specifying complex, temporally extended tasks in multi-task reinforcement learning (RL). However, learning policies that efficiently satisfy arbitrary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Mathias Jackermeier , Alessandro Abate

Alternating timed automata (ATA) are an extension of timed automata, that are closed under complementation and hence amenable to logic-to-automata translations. Several timed logics, including Metric Temporal Logic (MTL), can be converted…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Patricia Bouyer , B Srivathsan , Vaishnavi Vishwanath

This paper proposes a specification-guided framework for control of nonlinear systems with linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications. In contrast with well-known abstraction-based methods, the proposed framework directly characterizes the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-03 Yinan Li , Zhibing Sun , Jun Liu
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