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Understanding the decision processes of deep vision models is essential for their safe and trustworthy deployment in real-world settings. Existing explainability approaches, such as saliency maps or concept-based analyses, often suffer from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Éloi Zablocki , Valentin Gerard , Amaia Cardiel , Eric Gaussier , Matthieu Cord , Eduardo Valle

Vision models with high overall accuracy often exhibit systematic errors in specific scenarios, posing potential serious safety concerns. Diagnosing bugs of vision models is gaining increased attention, however traditional diagnostic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Chaoquan Jiang , Jinqiang Wang , Rui Hu , Jitao Sang

TCAV (Testing with Concept Activation Vectors) is an interpretability method that assesses the alignment between the internal representations of a trained neural network and human-understandable, high-level concepts. Though effective, TCAV…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hasib Aslam , Muhammad Ali Chattha , Muhammad Taha Mukhtar , Muhammad Imran Malik , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

Cell counting in biomedical imaging is pivotal for various clinical applications, yet the interpretability of deep learning models in this domain remains a significant challenge. We propose a novel prototype-based method for interpretable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Abdurahman Ali Mohammed , Wallapak Tavanapong , Catherine Fonder , Donald S. Sakaguchi

Methods for model explainability have become increasingly critical for testing the fairness and soundness of deep learning. Concept-based interpretability techniques, which use a small set of human-interpretable concept exemplars in order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Davis Brown , Henry Kvinge

As vision-language models are deployed at scale, understanding their internal mechanisms becomes increasingly critical. Existing interpretability methods predominantly rely on activations, making them dataset-dependent, vulnerable to data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Francesco Gentile , Nicola Dall'Asen , Francesco Tonini , Massimiliano Mancini , Lorenzo Vaquero , Elisa Ricci

Existing Visual Language Models (VLMs) suffer structural limitations where a few low contribution tokens may excessively capture global semantics, dominating the information aggregation process and suppressing the discriminative features in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Bin Kang , Bin Chen , Junjie Wang , Yulin Li , Junzhi Zhao , Zhuotao Tian

Deep learning methods are highly accurate, yet their opaque decision process prevents them from earning full human trust. Concept-based models aim to address this issue by learning tasks based on a set of human-understandable concepts.…

Deep vision models often rely on biases learned from spurious correlations in datasets. To identify these biases, methods that interpret high-level, human-understandable concepts are more effective than those relying primarily on low-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 David Méndez , Gianpaolo Bontempo , Elisa Ficarra , Roberto Confalonieri , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez

Recent research in deep learning methodology has led to a variety of complex modelling techniques in computer vision (CV) that reach or even outperform human performance. Although these black-box deep learning models have obtained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Anh Pham Thi Minh

AI systems' ability to explain their reasoning is critical to their utility and trustworthiness. Deep neural networks have enabled significant progress on many challenging problems such as visual question answering (VQA). However, most of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Jialin Wu , Raymond J. Mooney

Concept-based approaches, which aim to identify human-understandable concepts within a model's internal representations, are a promising method for interpreting embeddings from deep neural network models, such as CLIP. While these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jitian Zhao , Chenghui Li , Frederic Sala , Karl Rohe

Understanding what deep network models capture in their learned representations is a fundamental challenge in computer vision. We present a new methodology to understanding such vision models, the Visual Concept Connectome (VCC), which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Matthew Kowal , Richard P. Wildes , Konstantinos G. Derpanis

Image descriptions can help visually impaired people to quickly understand the image content. While we made significant progress in automatically describing images and optical character recognition, current approaches are unable to include…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Oleksii Sidorov , Ronghang Hu , Marcus Rohrbach , Amanpreet Singh

We explore the interpretability of 3D geometric deep learning models in the context of Computer-Aided Design (CAD). The field of parametric CAD can be limited by the difficulty of expressing high-level design concepts in terms of a few…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Stefan Druc , Aditya Balu , Peter Wooldridge , Adarsh Krishnamurthy , Soumik Sarkar

Referring image segmentation is a challenging task that involves generating pixel-wise segmentation masks based on natural language descriptions. The complexity of this task increases with the intricacy of the sentences provided. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Hai Nguyen-Truong , E-Ro Nguyen , Tuan-Anh Vu , Minh-Triet Tran , Binh-Son Hua , Sai-Kit Yeung

With the growing popularity of general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs), comes a need for more global explanations of model behaviors. Concept-based explanations arise as a promising avenue for explaining high-level patterns learned by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Meng Li , Haoran Jin , Ruixuan Huang , Zhihao Xu , Defu Lian , Zijia Lin , Di Zhang , Xiting Wang

Despite their success, Large-Language Models (LLMs) still face criticism due to their lack of interpretability. Traditional post-hoc interpretation methods, based on attention and gradient-based analysis, offer limited insights as they only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Francesco De Santis , Philippe Bich , Gabriele Ciravegna , Pietro Barbiero , Danilo Giordano , Tania Cerquitelli

Image cropping has progressed tremendously under the data-driven paradigm. However, current approaches do not account for the intentions of the user, which is an issue especially when the composition of the input image is complex. Moreover,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Zhihang Zhong , Mingxi Cheng , Zhirong Wu , Yuhui Yuan , Yinqiang Zheng , Ji Li , Han Hu , Stephen Lin , Yoichi Sato , Imari Sato

The interpretation of deep neural networks (DNNs) has become a key topic as more and more people apply them to solve various problems and making critical decisions. Concept-based explanations have recently become a popular approach for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Zhenge Zhao , Panpan Xu , Carlos Scheidegger , Liu Ren