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Transformers have proven highly effective across modalities, but standard softmax attention scales quadratically with sequence length, limiting long context modeling. Linear attention mitigates this by approximating attention with kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ashkan Shahbazi , Chayne Thrash , Yikun Bai , Keaton Hamm , Navid NaderiAlizadeh , Soheil Kolouri

Looped Transformers (LT) have emerged as a powerful architecture by iterating their layers multiple times before decoding the final token. However, pairing them with full attention retains quadratic complexity, making them computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Chunyuan Deng , Yizhe Zhang , Rui-Jie Zhu , Yuanyuan Xu , Jiarui Liu , T. S. Eugene Ng , Hanjie Chen

We propose a simplified model of attention which is applicable to feed-forward neural networks and demonstrate that the resulting model can solve the synthetic "addition" and "multiplication" long-term memory problems for sequence lengths…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-21 Colin Raffel , Daniel P. W. Ellis

Sparse attention reduces the quadratic complexity of full self-attention but faces two challenges: (1) an attention gap, where applying sparse attention to full-attention-trained models causes performance degradation due to train-inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zhenyi Shen , Junru Lu , Lin Gui , Jiazheng Li , Yulan He , Di Yin , Xing Sun

Event cameras provide sequential visual data with spatial sparsity and high temporal resolution, making them attractive for low-latency object detection. Existing asynchronous event-based neural networks realize this low-latency advantage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Haiqing Hao , Zhipeng Sui , Rong Zou , Zijia Dai , Nikola Zubić , Davide Scaramuzza , Wenhui Wang

Attention mechanism has been extensively integrated within mainstream neural network architectures, such as Transformers and graph attention networks. Yet, its underlying working principles remain somewhat elusive. What is its essence? Are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Tianyu Ruan , Shihua Zhang

Recent advancements in multi-view scene reconstruction have been significant, yet existing methods face limitations when processing streams of input images. These methods either rely on time-consuming offline optimization or are restricted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Zhuoguang Chen , Minghui Qin , Tianyuan Yuan , Zhe Liu , Hang Zhao

The self-attention mechanism has significantly advanced the field of natural language processing, facilitating the development of advanced language-learning machines. Although its utility is widely acknowledged, the precise mechanisms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Tal Halevi , Yarden Tzach , Ronit D. Gross , Shalom Rosner , Ido Kanter

Softmax Attention has a quadratic time complexity in sequence length, which becomes prohibitive to run at long contexts, even with highly optimized GPU kernels. For example, FlashAttention-2/3 (exact, GPU-optimized implementations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sahil Joshi , Agniva Chowdhury , Amar Kanakamedala , Ekam Singh , Evan Tu , Anshumali Shrivastava

The quadratic complexity of self-attention in Transformer models remains a significant bottleneck for processing long sequences and deploying large language models efficiently. For this approach, there has been significant research into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Spandan Pratyush

Optimizing the Key-Value (KV) cache of the Large Language Model (LLM) has been considered critical to saving the cost of inference. Most of the existing KV-cache compression algorithms attempted to sparsify the sequence of tokens by taking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Zihao Wang , Bin Cui , Shaoduo Gan

Attention-based models have been widely used in many areas, such as computer vision and natural language processing. However, relevant applications in time series classification (TSC) have not been explored deeply yet, causing a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Bowen Zhao , Huanlai Xing , Xinhan Wang , Fuhong Song , Zhiwen Xiao

Preventing catastrophic forgetting while continually learning new tasks is an essential problem in lifelong learning. Structural regularization (SR) refers to a family of algorithms that mitigate catastrophic forgetting by penalizing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Haoran Li , Aditya Krishnan , Jingfeng Wu , Soheil Kolouri , Praveen K. Pilly , Vladimir Braverman

Neural TTS has demonstrated strong capabilities to generate human-like speech with high quality and naturalness, while its generalization to out-of-domain texts is still a challenging task, with regard to the design of attention-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Mutian He , Yan Deng , Lei He

Generating high-quality 3D models from 2D sketches is a challenging task due to the inherent ambiguity and sparsity of sketch data. In this paper, we present S3D, a novel framework that converts simple hand-drawn sketches into detailed 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Hail Song , Wonsik Shin , Naeun Lee , Soomin Chung , Nojun Kwak , Woontack Woo

Recently, transformer-based methods have shown exceptional performance in monocular 3D object detection, which can predict 3D attributes from a single 2D image. These methods typically use visual and depth representations to generate query…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Xuan He , Jin Yuan , Kailun Yang , Zhenchao Zeng , Zhiyong Li

We revisit the I/O complexity of attention in large language models. Given query-key-value matrices $Q,K,V\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times d}$, and a machine with fast memory size $M$, the goal is to compute the "attention matrix" $A=\text{softmax}(Q…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Pál András Papp , Aleksandros Sobczyk , Anastasios Zouzias

Transformers face quadratic complexity and memory issues with long sequences, prompting the adoption of linear attention mechanisms using fixed-size hidden states. However, linear models often suffer from limited recall performance, leading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Dustin Wang , Rui-Jie Zhu , Steven Abreu , Yong Shan , Taylor Kergan , Yuqi Pan , Yuhong Chou , Zheng Li , Ge Zhang , Wenhao Huang , Jason Eshraghian

The computational difficulties of large language model (LLM) inference remain a significant obstacle to their widespread deployment. The need for many applications to support long input sequences and process them in large batches typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Luka Ribar , Ivan Chelombiev , Luke Hudlass-Galley , Charlie Blake , Carlo Luschi , Douglas Orr

Linear sequence modeling approaches, such as linear attention, provide advantages like linear-time training and constant-memory inference over sequence lengths. However, existing sequence parallelism (SP) methods are either not optimized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Weigao Sun , Disen Lan , Yiran Zhong , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng