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In this paper, we propose an encryption method for ConvMixer models with a secret key. Encryption methods for DNN models have been studied to achieve adversarial defense, model protection and privacy-preserving image classification.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Ryota Iijima , Hitoshi Kiya

Vision is one of the essential sources through which humans acquire information. In this paper, we establish a novel framework for measuring image information content to evaluate the variation in information content during image…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-02 XiaoKai Cao , WenJin Mo , ChangDong Wang , JianHuang Lai , Qiong Huang

This article presents an overview of image transformation with a secret key and its applications. Image transformation with a secret key enables us not only to protect visual information on plain images but also to embed unique features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Hitoshi Kiya , AprilPyone MaungMaung , Yuma Kinoshita , Shoko Imaizumi , Sayaka Shiota

We propose a privacy-preserving machine learning scheme with encryption-then-compression (EtC) images, where EtC images are images encrypted by using a block-based encryption method proposed for EtC systems with JPEG compression. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-30 Ayana Kawamura , Yuma Kinoshita , Takayuki Nakachi , Sayaka Shiota , Hitoshi Kiya

In this paper, we propose a novel method for enhancing security in privacy-preserving federated learning using the Vision Transformer. In federated learning, learning is performed by collecting updated information without collecting raw…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Hiroto Sawada , Shoko Imaizumi , Hitoshi Kiya

Recently, plain vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown impressive performance on various computer vision tasks, thanks to their strong modeling capacity and large-scale pretraining. However, they have not yet conquered the problem of image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Jingfeng Yao , Xinggang Wang , Shusheng Yang , Baoyuan Wang

With the increasing demands for privacy protection, many privacy-preserving machine learning systems were proposed in recent years. However, most of them cannot be put into production due to their slow training and inference speed caused by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Fei Zheng

In this paper, we propose a novel privacy-preserving machine learning scheme with encrypted images, called EtC (Encryption-then-Compression) images. Using machine learning algorithms in cloud environments has been spreading in many fields.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Ayana Kawamura , Yuma Kinoshita , Hitoshi Kiya

In today's machine learning landscape, fine-tuning pretrained transformer models has emerged as an essential technique, particularly in scenarios where access to task-aligned training data is limited. However, challenges surface when data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Prajwal Panzade , Daniel Takabi , Zhipeng Cai

Vision Transformers (ViT) have recently demonstrated exemplary performance on a variety of vision tasks and are being used as an alternative to CNNs. Their design is based on a self-attention mechanism that processes images as a sequence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Akshayvarun Subramanya , Aniruddha Saha , Soroush Abbasi Koohpayegani , Ajinkya Tejankar , Hamed Pirsiavash

Massive human-related data is collected to train neural networks for computer vision tasks. A major conflict is exposed relating to software engineers between better developing AI systems and distancing from the sensitive training data. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Fusheng Hao , Fengxiang He , Yikai Wang , Fuxiang Wu , Jing Zhang , Jun Cheng , Dacheng Tao

In this paper, we propose a block-wise image transformation method with a secret key for support vector machine (SVM) models. Models trained by using transformed images offer a poor performance to unauthorized users without a key, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Ryota Iijima , AprilPyone MaungMaung , Hitoshi Kiya

We present a novel privacy-preserving scheme for deep neural networks (DNNs) that enables us not to only apply images without visual information to DNNs for both training and testing but to also consider data augmentation in the encrypted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Warit Sirichotedumrong , Takahiro Maekawa , Yuma Kinoshita , Hitoshi Kiya

This work proposes a different procedure to encrypt images of 256 grey levels and colour, using the symmetric system Advanced Encryption Standard with a variable permutation in the first round, after the x-or operation. Variable permutation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-09-22 V. M. Silva-García , R. Flores-Carapia , C. Rentería-Máarquez , B. Luna-Benoso , C. A. Jiménez Vázquez

Despite the recent success of deep learning in the field of medicine, the issue of data scarcity is exacerbated by concerns about privacy and data ownership. Distributed learning approaches, including federated learning, have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Sangjoon Park , Ik-Jae Lee , Jun Won Kim , Jong Chul Ye

To protect image contents, most existing encryption algorithms are designed to transform an original image into a texture-like or noise-like image, which is, however, an obvious visual sign indicating the presence of an encrypted image,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-03 Xintao Duan , Haoxian Song , En Zhang , Jingjing Liu

A novel method for access control with a secret key is proposed to protect models from unauthorized access in this paper. We focus on semantic segmentation models with the vision transformer (ViT), called segmentation transformer (SETR).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Teru Nagamori , Ryota Iijima , Hitoshi Kiya

Federated learning is a learning method for training models over multiple participants without directly sharing their raw data, and it has been expected to be a privacy protection method for training data. In contrast, attack methods have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Rei Aso , Sayaka Shiota , Hitoshi Kiya

Conventional adversarial defenses reduce classification accuracy whether or not a model is under attacks. Moreover, most of image processing based defenses are defeated due to the problem of obfuscated gradients. In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-19 MaungMaung AprilPyone , Hitoshi Kiya

Homomorphic permutation is fundamental to privacy-preserving computations based on batch-encoding homomorphic encryption. It underpins nearly all homomorphic matrix operations and predominantly influences their complexity. Permutation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Xirong Ma , Junling Fang , Chunpeng Ge , Dung Hoang Duong , Yali Jiang , Yanbin Li , Willy Susilo , Lizhen Cui