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Unsupervised neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) offers an appealing alternative to supervised approaches by training learning-based solvers without ground-truth solutions, directly minimizing instance objectives and constraint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Kien X. Nguyen , Ilya Safro

Recently, there has been much work on the design of general heuristics for graph-based, combinatorial optimization problems via the incorporation of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to learn distribution-specific solution structures.However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Ankur Nath , Alan Kuhnle

Much combinatorial optimisation problems constitute a non-polynomial (NP) hard optimisation problem, i.e., they can not be solved in polynomial time. One such problem is finding the shortest route between two nodes on a graph.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-08 Alessandro Bay , Biswa Sengupta

The Maximum Clique Problem (MCP) is a foundational NP-hard problem with wide-ranging applications, yet no single algorithm consistently outperforms all others across diverse graph instances. This underscores the critical need for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xiang Li , Shanshan Wang , Chenglong Xiao

Recently, neural heuristics based on deep reinforcement learning have exhibited promise in solving multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems (MOCOPs). However, they are still struggling to achieve high learning efficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Jinbiao Chen , Jiahai Wang , Zizhen Zhang , Zhiguang Cao , Te Ye , Siyuan Chen

There has been an increased interest in discovering heuristics for combinatorial problems on graphs through machine learning. While existing techniques have primarily focused on obtaining high-quality solutions, scalability to billion-sized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Sahil Manchanda , Akash Mittal , Anuj Dhawan , Sourav Medya , Sayan Ranu , Ambuj Singh

A memristor crossbar, which is constructed with memristor devices, has the unique ability to change and memorize the state of each of its memristor elements. It also has other highly desirable features such as high density, low power…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Ao Ren , Sijia Liu , Ruizhe Cai , Wujie Wen , Pramod K Varshney , Yanzhi Wang

The single-track railway train timetabling problem (TTP) is an important and complex problem. This article proposes an integrated Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) computing framework that combines heuristic methods, unsupervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Feiyu Yang

Scalable addressing of high dimensional constrained combinatorial optimization problems is a challenge that arises in several science and engineering disciplines. Recent work introduced novel application of graph neural networks for solving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-20 Nasimeh Heydaribeni , Xinrui Zhan , Ruisi Zhang , Tina Eliassi-Rad , Farinaz Koushanfar

Combinatorial Optimization (CO) addresses many important problems, including the challenging Maximum Independent Set (MIS) problem. Alongside exact and heuristic solvers, differentiable approaches have emerged, often using continuous…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ismail Alkhouri , Cedric Le Denmat , Yingjie Li , Cunxi Yu , Jia Liu , Rongrong Wang , Alvaro Velasquez

Machine Learning (ML) optimization frameworks have gained attention for their ability to accelerate the optimization of large-scale Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Programs (QCQPs) by learning shared problem structures. However,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-08 Zhixiao Xiong , Fangyu Zong , Huigen Ye , Hua Xu

The Maximum Cut (MaxCut) problem is NP-Complete, and obtaining its optimal solution is NP-hard in the worst case. As a result, heuristic-based algorithms are commonly used, though their design often requires significant domain expertise.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Gabriel Maliakal , Ismail Alkhouri , Alvaro Velasquez , Adam M Alessio , Saiprasad Ravishankar

Multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems (MOCOPs), one type of complex optimization problems, widely exist in various real applications. Although meta-heuristics have been successfully applied to address MOCOPs, the calculation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Le-yang Gao , Rui Wang , Chuang Liu , Zhao-hong Jia

The Maximum Common Subgraph (MCS) problem plays a crucial role across various domains, bridging theoretical exploration and practical applications in fields like bioinformatics and social network analysis. Despite its wide applicability,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Davide Guidobene , Guido Cera

This paper aims to predict optimal solutions for combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) via machine learning (ML). To find high-quality solutions efficiently, existing work uses a ML prediction of the optimal solution to guide heuristic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-30 Yunzhuang Shen , Yuan Sun , Xiaodong Li , Andrew Eberhard , Andreas Ernst

Mixed Binary Quadratic Programs (MBQPs) are an important and complex set of problems in combinatorial optimization. As solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems is challenging, primal heuristics have been developed to quickly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Weimin Huang , Natalie M. Isenberg , Ján Drgoňa , Draguna L Vrabie , Bistra Dilkina

Combinatorial optimization (CO) problems arise across a broad spectrum of domains, including medicine, logistics, and manufacturing. While exact solutions are often computationally infeasible, many practical applications require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Arman Mielke , Uwe Bauknecht , Thilo Strauss , Mathias Niepert

The crossing resolution of a non-planar drawing of a graph is the value of the minimum angle formed by any pair of crossing edges. Recent experiments have shown that the larger the crossing resolution is, the easier it is to read and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Michael A. Bekos , Henry Förster , Christian Geckeler , Lukas Holländer , Michael Kaufmann , Amadäus M. Spallek , Jan Splett

In this paper, we describe a novel unsupervised learning scheme for accelerating the solution of a family of mixed integer programming (MIP) problems. Distinct substantially from existing learning-to-optimize methods, our proposal seeks to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-25 Shiyuan Qu , Fenglian Dong , Zhiwei Wei , Chao Shang

The concept of anchored solutions is proposed as a new robust optimization approach to the Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) under processing times uncertainty. The Anchor-Robust RCPSP is defined, to compute a baseline…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-05 Adèle Pass-Lanneau , Pascale Bendotti , Luca Brunod-Indrigo