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While large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in processing and reasoning over knowledge graphs, current methods suffer from a high non-retrieval rate. This limitation reduces the accuracy of answering questions based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Song Wang , Junhong Lin , Xiaojie Guo , Julian Shun , Jundong Li , Yada Zhu

The vast amount of biomedical information available today presents a significant challenge for investigators seeking to digest, process, and understand these findings effectively. Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Alexander R. Pelletier , Joseph Ramirez , Irsyad Adam , Simha Sankar , Yu Yan , Ding Wang , Dylan Steinecke , Wei Wang , Peipei Ping

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on various medical question-answering (QA) benchmarks, including standardized medical exams. However, correct answers alone do not ensure correct logic, and models may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yuexing Hao , Kumail Alhamoud , Hyewon Jeong , Haoran Zhang , Isha Puri , Philip Torr , Mike Schaekermann , Ariel D. Stern , Marzyeh Ghassemi

Meta-analyses statistically aggregate the findings of different randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess treatment effectiveness. Because this yields robust estimates of treatment effectiveness, results from meta-analyses are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Hye Sun Yun , David Pogrebitskiy , Iain J. Marshall , Byron C. Wallace

Large Language Models (LLMs) constitute a breakthrough state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology which is rapidly evolving and promises to aid in medical diagnosis either by assisting doctors or by simulating a doctor's…

The recommendation of medication is a vital aspect of intelligent healthcare systems, as it involves prescribing the most suitable drugs based on a patient's specific health needs. Unfortunately, many sophisticated models currently in use…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Qidong Liu , Xian Wu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yuanshao Zhu , Zijian Zhang , Feng Tian , Yefeng Zheng

Medical large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated promising performance across various single-image question answering (QA) benchmarks, yet their capability in processing multi-image clinical scenarios remains underexplored.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xikai Yang , Juzheng Miao , Yuchen Yuan , Jiaze Wang , Qi Dou , Jinpeng Li , Pheng-Ann Heng

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely applied to assist in finding solutions for diverse questions. Prior work has proposed representing a method as a pair of a question and its corresponding solution, enabling method reuse.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Hong Su

Evidence to guide healthcare decisions is often limited by a lack of relevant and trustworthy literature as well as difficulty in contextualizing existing research for a specific patient. Large language models (LLMs) could potentially…

Major depressive disorder (MDD) impacts more than 300 million people worldwide, highlighting a significant public health issue. However, the uneven distribution of medical resources and the complexity of diagnostic methods have resulted in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Yuyang Sha , Hongxin Pan , Wei Xu , Weiyu Meng , Gang Luo , Xinyu Du , Xiaobing Zhai , Henry H. Y. Tong , Caijuan Shi , Kefeng Li

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for clinical use. They are often evaluated using datasets such as MedQA. However, Many medical datasets, such as MedQA, rely on simplified Question-Answering (Q\A) that underrepresents real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yunpeng Xiao , Carl Yang , Mark Mai , Xiao Hu , Kai Shu

Automated depression diagnosis aims to analyze multimodal information from interview videos to predict participants' depression scores. Previous studies often lack clear explanations of how these scores were determined, limiting their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Wei Zhang , Juan Chen , En Zhu , Wenhong Cheng , YunPeng Li , Yanbo J. Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted for applications in healthcare, reaching the performance of domain experts on tasks such as question answering and document summarisation. Despite their success on these tasks, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Aishik Nagar , Viktor Schlegel , Thanh-Tung Nguyen , Hao Li , Yuping Wu , Kuluhan Binici , Stefan Winkler

Considering the limited internal parametric knowledge, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been widely used to extend the knowledge scope of large language models (LLMs). Despite the extensive efforts on RAG research, in existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yuhao Wang , Ruiyang Ren , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

Extracting structured information from clinical notes requires navigating a dense web of interdependent variables where the value of one attribute logically constrains others. Existing Large Language Model (LLM)-based extraction pipelines…

This study delves into the capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the challenging domain of conditional question-answering. Utilizing the Conditional Question Answering (CQA) dataset and focusing on generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Syed-Amad Hussain , Parag Pravin Dakle , SaiKrishna Rallabandi , Preethi Raghavan

High-quality Question-Answer (QA) datasets are foundational for reliable Large Language Model (LLM) evaluation, yet even expert-crafted datasets exhibit persistent gaps in domain coverage, misaligned difficulty distributions, and factual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Xiaonan Luo , Yue Huang , Ping He , Xiangliang Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for automated data extraction and property prediction across materials science, yet their use in superconductivity research remains limited. Here we construct a large experimental…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-12 Suman Itani , Yibo Zhang , Ranjit Itani , Jiadong Zang

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable versatility in various NLP tasks but encounter distinct challenges in biomedical due to the complexities of language and data scarcity. This paper investigates LLMs application in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Masoud Monajatipoor , Jiaxin Yang , Joel Stremmel , Melika Emami , Fazlolah Mohaghegh , Mozhdeh Rouhsedaghat , Kai-Wei Chang

Medical question-answering (QA) is a critical task for evaluating how effectively large language models (LLMs) encode clinical knowledge and assessing their potential applications in medicine. Despite showing promise on multiple-choice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Guangfu Guo , Kai Zhang , Bryan Hoo , Yujun Cai , Xiaoqian Lu , Nanyun Peng , Yiwei Wang