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Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) equation is a relaxation model of the Boltzmann equation which is widely used in place of the Boltzmann equation for the simulation of various kinetic flow problems. In this work, we study the asymptotic…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-01-26 Gi-Chan Bae , Gyounghun Ko , Donghyun Lee , Seok-Bae Yun

We study the linearized kinetic equation of relaxation model which was proposed by Bhatnagar, Gross and Krook (also called BGK model) and solve the dispersion relation. Using the solution of the dispersion relation, we analyze the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-10-27 Makoto Takamoto , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

We study the Bathnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) equation in a smooth bounded domain featuring a diffusive reflection boundary condition with general collision frequency. We prove that the BGK equation admits a unique global solution with an…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-01-09 Hongxu Chen , Christian Klingenberg , Marlies Pirner

The Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) single-relaxation-time collision model for the Boltzmann equation serves as the foundation of the lattice BGK (LBGK) method developed in recent years. The description of the collision as a uniform relaxation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Xiaowen Shan , Yangyang Shi , Xuhui Li

The Boltzmann equation describes the detailed microscopic behaviour of a dilute gas, and represents the basis of the kinetic theory of gases. In order to reduce the difficulties in solving the Boltzmann equation, simple expressions of a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-12-06 Armando Majorana

In this article we focus on kinetic equations for gas mixtures since in applications one often has to deal with mixtures instead of a single gas. In particular we consider an approximation of the Boltzmann equation, the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-03-30 Marlies Pirner , Sandra Warnecke

A simple iterative approach for solving a set of implicit kinetic moment equations is proposed. This implicit solve is a key component in the IMEX discretization of the multi-species Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (M-BGK) model with nontrivial…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-30 Evan Habbershaw , Cory D. Hauck , Steven M. Wise

Kinetic models based on the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) framework provide an efficient alternative to the Boltzmann equation for rarefied gas flows; however, existing formulations for gas mixtures remain limited in representing…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-28 Inchan Kim , Joonbeom Kim , Woonghwi Park , Eunji Jun

The Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model, a simplification of the Boltzmann equation, in the absence of boundary effect, converges to the Euler equations when the Knudsen number is small. In practice, however, Knudsen layers emerge at the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-02 Hongxu Chen , Qin Li , Jianfeng Lu

The Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model of the Boltzmann equation allows for efficient flow simulations, especially in the transition regime between continuum and high rarefaction. However, ensuring efficient performances for multiscale…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-05-09 Félix Garmirian , Marcel Pfeiffer

The lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (LBGK) model has become the most popular one in the lattice Boltzmann method for simulating the convection heat transfer in porous media. However, the LBGK model generally suffers from numerical instability…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Liang Wang , Jianchun Mi , Zhaoli Guo

The Vicsek-BGK equation is a kinetic model for alignment of particles moving with constant speed between stochastic reorientation events with sampling from a von Mises distribution. The spatially homogeneous model shows a steady state…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Sara Merino-Aceituno , Christian Schmeiser , Raphael Winter

Multi-species BGK models describe the dynamics of rarefied gases with constituent particles of different elements or compounds with potentially non-trivial velocity distributions. In this paper, moment equations for the bulk velocities,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-10-20 Evan Habbershaw , Ryan S. Glasby , Jeffrey R. Haack , Cory D. Hauck , Steven M. Wise

The Boltzmann collision operator for a dilute granular gas of inelastic rough hard spheres is much more intricate than its counterpart for inelastic smooth spheres. Now the one-body distribution function depends not only on the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-11-10 Andrés Santos

In this paper, we consider the existence problem for a stationary relaxational models of the quantum Boltzmann equation. More precisely, we establish the existence of mild solution to the fermionic or bosonic quantum BGK model in a slab…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-01-29 Gi-Chan Bae , Seok-Bae Yun

The two-dimensional steady-state Boltzmann equation for hard-disk molecules in the presence of a temperature gradient has been solved explicitly to second order in density and the temperature gradient. The two-dimensional equation of state…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Kim Hyeon-Deuk

In dilute gas kinetic theory, model collision dynamics such as Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model is often used to get a better insight and numerical modelling. BGK model and its variants assume that highly nonlinear collision term can be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-08-26 Samarth Agrawal , S. K. Singh , Santosh Ansumali

As one of the main governing equations in kinetic theory, the Boltzmann equation is widely utilized in aerospace, microscopic flow, etc. Its high-resolution simulation is crucial in these related areas. However, due to the high…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-29 Zhengyi Li , Bin Dong , Yanli Wang

We study spatially non-homogeneous kinetic models for vehicular traffic flow. Classical formulations, as for instance the BGK equation, lead to unconditionally unstable solutions in the congested regime of traffic. We address this issue by…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-07-22 Michael Herty , Gabriella Puppo , Sebastiano Roncoroni , Giuseppe Visconti

The Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) Boltzmann equation with the Maxwellian-Boltzmann-type equilibrium state leads to the set of thermo-hydrodynamic equations such as the continuity, the Navier-Stokes, and the heat-transfer equations in the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-07-05 Hiroshi Otomo
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