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Related papers: EXPLAIN, AGREE, LEARN: Scaling Learning for Neural…

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Rule-based models, e.g., decision trees, are widely used in scenarios demanding high model interpretability for their transparent inner structures and good model expressivity. However, rule-based models are hard to optimize, especially on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Zhuo Wang , Wei Zhang , Ning Liu , Jianyong Wang

The ability to generalize quickly from few observations is crucial for intelligent systems. In this paper we introduce APL, an algorithm that approximates probability distributions by remembering the most surprising observations it has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-08 Tiago Ramalho , Marta Garnelo

Natural language inference (NLI) aims to determine the logical relationship between two sentences, such as Entailment, Contradiction, and Neutral. In recent years, deep learning models have become a prevailing approach to NLI, but they lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Zijun Wu , Zi Xuan Zhang , Atharva Naik , Zhijian Mei , Mauajama Firdaus , Lili Mou

Neurosymbolic (NeSy) AI has emerged as a promising direction to integrate neural and symbolic reasoning. Unfortunately, little effort has been given to developing NeSy systems tailored to sequential/temporal problems. We identify symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Nikolaos Manginas , George Paliouras , Luc De Raedt

Deep learning (DL) based language models achieve high performance on various benchmarks for Natural Language Inference (NLI). And at this time, symbolic approaches to NLI are receiving less attention. Both approaches (symbolic and DL) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Zeming Chen , Qiyue Gao , Lawrence S. Moss

Deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable performance across various domains, yet their decision-making processes remain opaque. Although many explanation methods are dedicated to bringing the obscurity of DNNs to light, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Kanglong Fan , Yunqiao Yang , Chen Ma

In this paper, we propose a novel probabilistic self-supervised learning via Scoring Rule Minimization (ProSMIN), which leverages the power of probabilistic models to enhance representation quality and mitigate collapsing representations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Amirhossein Vahidi , Simon Schoßer , Lisa Wimmer , Yawei Li , Bernd Bischl , Eyke Hüllermeier , Mina Rezaei

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have catalyzed progress in embodied intelligence, a fundamental gap between their inherent probabilistic uncertainty and the strict determinism and verifiable safety required in the physical world. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tiehan Cui , Peipei Liu , Yanxu Mao , Congying Liu , Mingzhe Xing , Datao You

Constraining deep neural networks (DNNs) to learn individual logic types per node, as performed using the DiffLogic network architecture, opens the door to model-specific explanation techniques that quell the complexity inherent to DNNs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Stephen Wormald , David Koblah , Matheus Kunzler Maldaner , Domenic Forte , Damon L. Woodard

The remarkable progress in deep learning in recent years is largely driven by improvements in scale, where bigger models are trained on larger datasets for longer schedules. To predict the benefit of scale empirically, we argue for a more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin , Behnam Neyshabur , Xiaohua Zhai

State abstraction enables sample-efficient learning and better task transfer in complex reinforcement learning environments. Recently, we proposed RePReL (Kokel et al. 2021), a hierarchical framework that leverages a relational planner to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Harsha Kokel , Arjun Manoharan , Sriraam Natarajan , Balaraman Ravindran , Prasad Tadepalli

In a regression task, a function is learned from labeled data to predict the labels at new data points. The goal is to achieve small prediction errors. In symbolic regression, the goal is more ambitious, namely, to learn an interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Paul Kahlmeyer , Joachim Giesen , Michael Habeck , Henrik Voigt

Neural reasoning accuracy improves when generating intermediate reasoning steps. However, the source of this improvement is yet unclear. Here, we investigate and factorize the benefit of generating intermediate steps for symbolic reasoning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Yoichi Aoki , Keito Kudo , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Ana Brassard , Masashi Yoshikawa , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Kentaro Inui

Medical image analysis requires substantial labeled data for model training, yet expert annotation is expensive and time-consuming. Active learning (AL) addresses this challenge by strategically selecting the most informative samples for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-06 Ifrat Ikhtear Uddin , Longwei Wang , Xiao Qin , Yang Zhou , KC Santosh

Compared with traditional deep learning techniques, continual learning enables deep neural networks to learn continually and adaptively. Deep neural networks have to learn new tasks and overcome forgetting the knowledge obtained from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Yujiang He

We present Sequential Neural Likelihood (SNL), a new method for Bayesian inference in simulator models, where the likelihood is intractable but simulating data from the model is possible. SNL trains an autoregressive flow on simulated data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-01-23 George Papamakarios , David C. Sterratt , Iain Murray

The goal of neural-symbolic computation is to integrate the connectionist and symbolist paradigms. Prior methods learn the neural-symbolic models using reinforcement learning (RL) approaches, which ignore the error propagation in the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-29 Qing Li , Siyuan Huang , Yining Hong , Yixin Chen , Ying Nian Wu , Song-Chun Zhu

Understanding the internal representations and decision mechanisms of deep neural networks remains a critical open challenge. While existing interpretability methods often identify influential input regions, they may not elucidate how a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Farzaneh Mahdisoltani , Saeed Mahdisoltani , Roger B. Grosse , David J. Fleet

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) faces significant challenges in cross-prompt settings, where models must generalize to unseen writing prompts. To address this limitation, we propose MAPLE, a meta-learning framework that leverages prototypical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Salam Albatarni , May Bashendy , Sohaila Eltanbouly , Tamer Elsayed

In this paper we present ExSpliNet, an interpretable and expressive neural network model. The model combines ideas of Kolmogorov neural networks, ensembles of probabilistic trees, and multivariate B-spline representations. We give a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Daniele Fakhoury , Emanuele Fakhoury , Hendrik Speleers