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The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical variational algorithm that produces an upper-bound estimate of the ground-state energy of a Hamiltonian. As quantum computers become more powerful and go beyond the…

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) must maintain high detection sensitivity while operating under strict false-positive constraints, a challenge intensified by class imbalance and heterogeneous IoT traffic. This work investigates whether…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Ritvik Bhatnagar , Nouhaila Innan , Angel Arul Jothi J. , Muhammad Shafique

For noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices only a moderate number of qubits with a limited coherence is available thus enabling only shallow circuits and a few time evolution steps in the currently performed quantum computations.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-04 Diksha Dhawan , Mekena Metcalf , Dominika Zgid

Using quantum devices supported by classical computational resources is a promising approach to quantum-enabled computation. One example of such a hybrid quantum-classical approach is the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) built to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-12 Jarrod R. McClean , Mollie E. Schwartz , Jonathan Carter , Wibe A. de Jong

Quantum computing promises enabling solving large problem instances, e.g. large linear equation systems with HHL algorithm, once the hardware stack matures. For the foreseeable future quantum computing will remain in the so-called NISQ era,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Marc Andreu Marfany , Alona Sakhnenko , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

We experimentally demonstrate a qubit-efficient variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm using a superconducting quantum processor, employing minimal quantum resources with only a transmon qubit coupled to a high-coherence photonic…

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising and widely used algorithms for exploiting the capabilities of current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. However, VQE algorithms suffer from a plethora of…

When noisy intermediate scalable quantum (NISQ) devices are applied in information processing, all of the stages through preparation, manipulation, and measurement of multipartite qubit states contain various types of noise that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-16 Hyeokjea Kwon , Joonwoo Bae

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising algorithms to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a given Hamiltonian on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. A particular application is to obtain ground…

Quantum computers offer a promising route to tackling problems that are classically intractable such as in prime-factorization, solving large-scale linear algebra and simulating complex quantum systems, but potentially require…

The Learning with Errors (\LWE) problem has been widely utilized as a foundation for numerous cryptographic tools over the years. In this study, we focus on an algebraic variant of the \LWE problem called \emph{Group ring} \LWE ($\GRLWE$).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jiaqi Liu , Fang-Wei Fu

Current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices remain limited in their ability to perform accurate quantum chemistry simulations due to restricted numbers of high-fidelity qubits and short coherence times. To overcome these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Yuhan Zheng , Yibin Guo , Huili Zhang , Jie Liu , Xiongzhi Zeng , Xiaoxia Cai , Zhenyu Li , Jinlong Yang

NP-hard problems are not believed to be exactly solvable through general polynomial time algorithms. Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms to address such combinatorial problems have been of great interest in the past few years. Such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-15 Yagnik Chatterjee , Eric Bourreau , Marko J. Rančić

Quantum computing offers a potential for algorithmic speedups for applications, such as large-scale simulations in chemistry and physics. However, these speedups must yield results that are sufficiently accurate to predict realistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Meenambika Gowrishankar , Daniel Claudino , Jerimiah Wright , Travis Humble

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers could solve quantum-mechanical simulation problems that are beyond the capabilities of classical computers. However, NISQ devices experience significant errors which, if not corrected, can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-04 Ashley Montanaro , Stasja Stanisic

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is crucial for obtaining reliable results on quantum computers by suppressing quantum noise with moderate resources. It is a key factor for successful and practical quantum algorithm implementations in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-28 Shi-Xin Zhang , Zhou-Quan Wan , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Hong Yao , Shengyu Zhang

In this work, we study the solution of shortest vector problems (SVPs) arising in terms of learning with error problems (LWEs). LWEs are linear systems of equations over a modular ring, where a perturbation vector is added to the right-hand…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Tobias Köppl , René Zander , Louis Henkel , Nikolay Tcholtchev

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are a modern family of quantum algorithms designed to solve optimization problems using a quantum computer. Typically VQAs rely on a feedback loop between the quantum device and a classical optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-26 Alexey Uvarov

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are a leading approach for near-term quantum computing but face major optimization challenges from noise, barren plateaus, and complex energy landscapes. We benchmarked more than fifty metaheuristic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Vojtěch Novák , Ivan Zelinka , Václav Snášel

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm designed for current and near-term quantum devices. Despite its initial success, there is a lack of understanding involving several of its key aspects. There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Manpreet Singh Jattana , Fengping Jin , Hans De Raedt , Kristel Michielsen