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Cybersecurity spans multiple interconnected domains, complicating the development of meaningful, labor-relevant benchmarks. Existing benchmarks assess isolated skills rather than integrated performance. We find that pre-trained knowledge of…

Advanced AI models hold the promise of tremendous benefits for humanity, but society needs to proactively manage the accompanying risks. In this paper, we focus on what we term "frontier AI" models: highly capable foundation models that…

Traditional rule-based cybersecurity systems have proven highly effective against known malware threats. However, they face challenges in detecting novel threats. To address this issue, emerging cybersecurity systems are incorporating AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Tobias Becher , Simon Torka

The increased adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents an opportunity to solve many socio-economic and environmental challenges; however, this cannot happen without securing AI-enabled technologies. In recent years, most AI models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Ayodeji Oseni , Nour Moustafa , Helge Janicke , Peng Liu , Zahir Tari , Athanasios Vasilakos

Rapidly evolving AI exhibits increasingly strong autonomy and goal-directed capabilities, accompanied by derivative systemic risks that are more unpredictable, difficult to control, and potentially irreversible. However, current AI safety…

Frontier AI systems are rapidly advancing in their capabilities to persuade, deceive, and influence human behaviour, with current models already demonstrating human-level persuasion and strategic deception in specific contexts. Humans are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Rishane Dassanayake , Mario Demetroudi , James Walpole , Lindley Lentati , Jason R. Brown , Edward James Young

The widespread adoption of machine learning (ML) systems increased attention to their security and emergence of adversarial machine learning (AML) techniques that exploit fundamental vulnerabilities in ML systems, creating an urgent need…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Avishag Shapira , Simon Shigol , Asaf Shabtai

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being ubiquitously adopted to automate processes in science and industry. However, due to its often intricate and opaque nature, AI has been shown to possess inherent vulnerabilities which can be maliciously…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Mathew J. Walter , Aaron Barrett , Kimberly Tam

All of the frontier AI companies have published safety frameworks where they define capability thresholds and risk mitigations that determine how they will safely develop and deploy their models. Adoption of systematic approaches to risk…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Simon Mylius

This article, a lightly adapted version of Perplexity's response to NIST/CAISI Request for Information 2025-0035, details our observations and recommendations concerning the security of frontier AI agents. These insights are informed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ninghui Li , Kaiyuan Zhang , Kyle Polley , Jerry Ma

As AI systems increasingly influence critical decisions, they face threats that exploit reasoning mechanisms rather than technical infrastructure. We present a framework for cognitive cybersecurity, a systematic protection of AI reasoning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yuksel Aydin

Cybersecurity organizations are adapting to GenAI integration through modified frameworks and hybrid operational processes, with success influenced by existing security maturity, regulatory requirements, and investments in human capital and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Christopher Nott

Given rapid progress toward advanced AI and risks from frontier AI systems (advanced AI systems pushing the boundaries of the AI capabilities frontier), the creation and implementation of AI governance and regulatory schemes deserves…

The introduction of the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act, the NIST Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework, and related norms demands a better understanding and implementation of novel risk analysis approaches to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Jose Manuel Camacho , Aitor Couce-Vieira , David Arroyo , David Rios Insua

Chinese authorities are extending the country's four-phase emergency response framework (prevent, warn, respond, and recover) to address risks from advanced artificial intelligence (AI). Concrete mechanisms for the proactive prevention and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 James Zhang , Miles Kodama , Zongze Wu , Michael Chen , Yue Zhu , Geng Hong

Prominent AI experts have suggested that companies developing high-risk AI systems should be required to show that such systems are safe before they can be developed or deployed. The goal of this paper is to expand on this idea and explore…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Akash R. Wasil , Joshua Clymer , David Krueger , Emily Dardaman , Simeon Campos , Evan R. Murphy

Mitigating the risks from frontier AI systems requires up-to-date and reliable information about those systems. Organizations that develop and deploy frontier systems have significant access to such information. By reporting safety-critical…

Critical infrastructure systems, including energy grids, healthcare facilities, transportation networks, and water distribution systems, are pivotal to societal stability and economic resilience. However, the increasing interconnectivity of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Jenifer Paulraj , Brindha Raghuraman , Nagarani Gopalakrishnan , Yazan Otoum

Frontier artificial intelligence (AI) systems could pose increasing risks to public safety and security. But what level of risk is acceptable? One increasingly popular approach is to define capability thresholds, which describe AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Leonie Koessler , Jonas Schuett , Markus Anderljung