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Knowledge graphs and structural causal models have each proven valuable for organizing biomedical knowledge and estimating causal effects, but remain largely disconnected: knowledge graphs encode qualitative relationships focusing on facts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Sumyyah Toonsi , Paul Schofield , Robert Hoehndorf

Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting (TKGF) aims to predict future events based on the observed events in history. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities, generating significant research interest in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-22 He Chang , Jie Wu , Zhulin Tao , Yunshan Ma , Xianglin Huang , Tat-Seng Chua

Modeling causal relationships in graph representation learning remains a fundamental challenge. Existing approaches often draw on theories and methods from causal inference to identify causal subgraphs or mitigate confounders. However, due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hang Gao , Kunyu Li , Huang Hong , Baoquan Cui , Fengge Wu

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) reasoning aims to predict future events from historical facts. A key challenge lies in jointly capturing two sources of predictive information in TKGs: historical evidence and evolutionary dynamics. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Shuai-long Lei , Xiaobin Zhu , Jiarui Liang , Guoxi Sun , Zhiyu Fang , Xu-Cheng Yin

Graph data often contain noisy and spurious correlations that mask the true causal relationships, which are essential for enabling graph models to make predictions based on the underlying causal structure of the data. Dependence on spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Simi Job , Xiaohui Tao , Taotao Cai , Haoran Xie , Jianming Yong

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) is an extension of traditional Knowledge Graph (KG) that incorporates the dimension of time. Reasoning on TKGs is a crucial task that aims to predict future facts based on historical occurrences. The key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Hao Dong , Pengyang Wang , Meng Xiao , Zhiyuan Ning , Pengfei Wang , Yuanchun Zhou

Modeling time-evolving knowledge graphs (KGs) has recently gained increasing interest. Here, graph representation learning has become the dominant paradigm for link prediction on temporal KGs. However, the embedding-based approaches largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Zhen Han , Peng Chen , Yunpu Ma , Volker Tresp

In this paper, we investigate a realistic but underexplored problem, called few-shot temporal knowledge graph reasoning, that aims to predict future facts for newly emerging entities based on extremely limited observations in evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Ruijie Wang , Zheng Li , Dachun Sun , Shengzhong Liu , Jinning Li , Bing Yin , Tarek Abdelzaher

An improved understanding of soil can enable more sustainable land-use practices. Nevertheless, soil is called a complex, living medium due to the complex interaction of different soil processes that limit our understanding of soil.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Somya Sharma , Swati Sharma , Licheng Liu , Rishabh Tushir , Andy Neal , Robert Ness , John Crawford , Emre Kiciman , Ranveer Chandra

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently become increasingly popular due to their ability to learn complex systems of relations or interactions arising in a broad spectrum of problems ranging from biology and particle physics to social…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Emanuele Rossi , Ben Chamberlain , Fabrizio Frasca , Davide Eynard , Federico Monti , Michael Bronstein

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) reasoning focuses on predicting events through historical information within snapshots distributed on a timeline. Existing studies mainly concentrate on two perspectives of leveraging the history of TKGs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jinchuan Zhang , Ming Sun , Chong Mu , Jinhao Zhang , Quanjiang Guo , Ling Tian

Federated Graph Learning (FGL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for decentralized training of graph neural networks while preserving data privacy. However, existing FGL methods are predominantly designed for static graphs and rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yuxuan Liu , Wenchao Xu , Haozhao Wang , Zhiming He , Zhaofeng Shi , Chongyang Xu , Peichao Wang , Boyuan Zhang

In the last few years, the solution to Knowledge Graph (KG) completion via learning embeddings of entities and relations has attracted a surge of interest. Temporal KGs(TKGs) extend traditional Knowledge Graphs (KGs) by associating static…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Zhongwu Chen , Chengjin Xu , Fenglong Su , Zhen Huang , You Dou

How can we perform knowledge reasoning over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs)? TKGs represent facts about entities and their relations, where each fact is associated with a timestamp. Reasoning over TKGs, i.e., inferring new facts from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Namyong Park , Fuchen Liu , Purvanshi Mehta , Dana Cristofor , Christos Faloutsos , Yuxiao Dong

Recent Continual Learning (CL)-based Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (TKGR) methods focus on significantly reducing computational cost and mitigating catastrophic forgetting caused by fine-tuning models with new data. However, existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhiyu Zhang , Wei Chen , Youfang Lin , Huaiyu Wan

Conventional embedding-based models approach event time prediction in temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) as a ranking problem. However, they often fall short in capturing essential temporal relationships such as order and distance. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Siheng Xiong , Yuan Yang , Ali Payani , James C Kerce , Faramarz Fekri

Graphs are a commonly used construct for representing relationships between elements in complex high dimensional datasets. Many real-world phenomenon are dynamic in nature, meaning that any graph used to represent them is inherently…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Stephen Bonner , John Brennan , Ibad Kureshi , Georgios Theodoropoulos , Andrew Stephen McGough , Boguslaw Obara

Causal reasoning can be considered a cornerstone of intelligent systems. Having access to an underlying causal graph comes with the promise of cause-effect estimation and the identification of efficient and safe interventions. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Amir Mohammad Karimi Mamaghan , Andrea Dittadi , Stefan Bauer , Karl Henrik Johansson , Francesco Quinzan

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) is an efficient method for describing the dynamic development of facts along a timeline. Most research on TKG reasoning (TKGR) focuses on modelling the repetition of global facts and designing patterns of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Yuehang Si , Zefan Zeng , Jincai Huang , Qing Cheng

Conversational recommender systems (CRS) utilize natural language interactions and dialogue history to infer user preferences and provide accurate recommendations. Due to the limited conversation context and background knowledge, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Zhangchi Qiu , Ye Tao , Shirui Pan , Alan Wee-Chung Liew