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With the growing popularity of deep-learning models, model understanding becomes more important. Much effort has been devoted to demystify deep neural networks for better interpretability. Some feature attribution methods have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Sheng Zhang , Jin Wang , Haitao Jiang , Rui Song

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has come to prominence as one of the major components of our society, with applications in most aspects of our lives. In this field, complex and highly nonlinear machine learning models such as ensemble models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Mattia Setzu , Riccardo Guidotti , Anna Monreale , Franco Turini , Dino Pedreschi , Fosca Giannotti

Despite outstanding contribution to the significant progress of Artificial Intelligence (AI), deep learning models remain mostly black boxes, which are extremely weak in explainability of the reasoning process and prediction results.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Sheng Shi , Xinfeng Zhang , Wei Fan

The increasing complexity of AI systems has made understanding their behavior critical. Numerous interpretability methods have been developed to attribute model behavior to three key aspects: input features, training data, and internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Shichang Zhang , Tessa Han , Usha Bhalla , Himabindu Lakkaraju

As deep vision models' popularity rapidly increases, there is a growing emphasis on explanations for model predictions. The inherently explainable attribution method aims to enhance the understanding of model behavior by identifying the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Xianren Zhang , Dongwon Lee , Suhang Wang

With the availability of large databases and recent improvements in deep learning methodology, the performance of AI systems is reaching or even exceeding the human level on an increasing number of complex tasks. Impressive examples of this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Wojciech Samek , Thomas Wiegand , Klaus-Robert Müller

Open-domain generative systems have gained significant attention in the field of conversational AI (e.g., generative search engines). This paper presents a comprehensive review of the attribution mechanisms employed by these systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Dongfang Li , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Zhenyu Liu , Ziyang Chen , Baotian Hu , Aiguo Wu , Min Zhang

Ensuring the trustworthiness and interpretability of machine learning models is critical to their deployment in real-world applications. Feature attribution methods have gained significant attention, which provide local explanations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Md Abdul Kadir , Gowtham Krishna Addluri , Daniel Sonntag

Feature attribution, the ability to localize regions of the input data that are relevant for classification, is an important capability for ML models in scientific and biomedical domains. Current methods for feature attribution, which rely…

The explainability of machine learning algorithms is crucial, and numerous methods have emerged recently. Local, post-hoc methods assign an attribution score to each feature, indicating its importance for the prediction. However, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Giorgio Visani , Vincenzo Stanzione , Damien Garreau

Supervised machine learning often operates on the data-driven paradigm, wherein internal model parameters are autonomously optimized to converge predicted outputs with the ground truth, devoid of explicitly programming rules or a priori…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Daniel Geissler , Bo Zhou , Mengxi Liu , Paul Lukowicz

As the use of deep learning techniques has grown across various fields over the past decade, complaints about the opaqueness of the black-box models have increased, resulting in an increased focus on transparency in deep learning models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Siwen Luo , Hamish Ivison , Caren Han , Josiah Poon

To better understand the output of deep neural networks (DNN), attribution based methods have been an important approach for model interpretability, which assign a score for each input dimension to indicate its importance towards the model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Zhiyu Zhu , Huaming Chen , Jiayu Zhang , Xinyi Wang , Zhibo Jin , Minhui Xue , Dongxiao Zhu , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo

Interpretability is crucial for machine learning algorithms in high-stakes medical applications. However, high-performing neural networks typically cannot explain their predictions. Post-hoc explanation methods provide a way to understand…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Susu Sun , Stefano Woerner , Andreas Maier , Lisa M. Koch , Christian F. Baumgartner

Feature attribution methods, which explain an individual prediction made by a model as a sum of attributions for each input feature, are an essential tool for understanding the behavior of complex deep learning models. However, ensuring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Ethan Weinberger , Joseph Janizek , Su-In Lee

Understanding black-box machine learning models is crucial for their widespread adoption. Learning globally interpretable models is one approach, but achieving high performance with them is challenging. An alternative approach is to explain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Jinsung Yoon , Sercan O. Arik , Tomas Pfister

A vastly growing literature on explaining deep learning models has emerged. This paper contributes to that literature by introducing a global gradient-based model-agnostic method, which we call Marginal Attribution by Conditioning on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-23 M. Merz , R. Richman , T. Tsanakas , M. V. Wüthrich

Building generalizable AI models is one of the primary challenges in the healthcare domain. While radiologists rely on generalizable descriptive rules of abnormality, Neural Network (NN) models suffer even with a slight shift in input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Shantanu Ghosh , Ke Yu , Kayhan Batmanghelich

Large Language Model (LLM) inference systems present significant challenges in statistical performance characterization due to dynamic workload variations, diverse hardware architectures, and complex interactions between model size, batch…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Kaustabha Ray , Nelson Mimura Gonzalez , Bruno Wassermann , Rachel Tzoref-Brill , Dean H. Lorenz

Attribution methods shed light on the explainability of data-driven approaches such as deep learning models by uncovering the most influential features in a to-be-explained decision. While determining feature attributions via gradients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Yi Cai , Gerhard Wunder