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We empirically verify that the market capitalisations of coins and tokens in the cryptocurrency universe follow power-law distributions with significantly different values, with the tail exponent falling between 0.5 and 0.7 for coins, and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-04-11 Ke Wu , Spencer Wheatley , Didier Sornette

The cryptocurrency market presents both significant investment opportunities and higher risks relative to traditional financial assets. This study examines the tail behavior of daily returns for two leading cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin and…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-04 A. H. Nzokem

In the dynamic landscape of the Web, we are witnessing the emergence of the Web3 paradigm, which dictates that platforms should rely on blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies to sustain themselves and their profitability.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Cheick Tidiane Ba , Richard G. Clegg , Ben A. Steer , Matteo Zignani

Decentralized finance (DeFi) has the potential to disrupt centralized finance by validating peer-to-peer transactions through tamper-proof smart contracts, thus significantly lowering the transaction cost charged by financial…

General Economics · Economics 2023-12-04 Ziqiao Ao , Lin William Cong , Gergely Horvath , Luyao Zhang

This paper investigates systemic risk transmission across stablecoin markets using Quantile Vector Autoregression (QVAR). Analyzing eight major stablecoins with day data coverage from 2021 to 2025, supplemented by minute-level event studies…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-24 Wenbin Wu , Can Liu

We formalize the construction of decentralized data markets by introducing the mathematical construction of tokenized data structures, a new form of incentivized data structure. These structures both specialize and extend past work on token…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Bharath Ramsundar , Roger Chen , Alok Vasudev , Rob Robbins , Artur Gorokh

While quantitative automation related to trading crypto-assets such as ERC-20 tokens has become relatively commonplace, with services such as 3Commas and Shrimpy offering user-friendly web-driven services for even the average crypto trader,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Ceren Kocaoğullar , Arthur Gervais , Benjamin Livshits

Financial markets show a number of non-stationarities, ranging from volatility fluctuations over ever changing technical and regulatory market conditions to seasonalities. On the other hand, financial markets show various stylized facts…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2018-12-19 Sebastian M. Krause , Jonas A. Fiegen , Thomas Guhr

AI requires heavy amounts of storage and compute with assets that are commonly stored in AI Hubs. AI Hubs have contributed significantly to the democratization of AI. However, existing implementations are associated with certain benefits…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Richard Blythman , Mohamed Arshath , Salvatore Vivona , Jakub Smékal , Hithesh Shaji

Blockchain technology relies on decentralization to resist faults and attacks while operating without trusted intermediaries. Although industry experts have touted decentralization as central to their promise and disruptive potential, it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Harang Ju , Ehsan Valavi , Madhav Kumar , Sinan Aral

Blockchain introduces decentralized trust in peer-to-peer networks, advancing security and democratizing systems. Yet, a unified definition for decentralization remains elusive. Our Systematization of Knowledge (SoK) seeks to bridge this…

General Economics · Economics 2023-08-21 Luyao Zhang , Xinshi Ma , Yulin Liu

We present the first in-depth empirical characterization of the costs of trading on a decentralized exchange (DEX). Using quoted prices from the Uniswap Labs interface for two pools -- USDC-ETH (5bps) and PEPE-ETH (30bps) -- we evaluate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Austin Adams , Benjamin Y Chan , Sarit Markovich , Xin Wan

Correlations in complex systems are often obscured by nonstationarity, long-range memory, and heavy-tailed fluctuations, which limit the usefulness of traditional covariance-based analyses. To address these challenges, we construct scale…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-09 Stanisław Drożdż , Paweł Jarosz , Jarosław Kwapień , Maria Skupień , Marcin Wątorek

DeFi investment agents, systems that use AI for autonomous on-chain trading, have attained over USD 3 billion in combined token valuations since late 2024. We survey over 1,900 AI-tagged crypto projects, filter to investment-focused agents,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jay Yu , Amy Zhao , Danning Sui

In this review, we evaluate the mechanisms behind the decentralized finance protocols for generating stable, passive income. Currently, such savings interest rates can be as high as 20% annually, payable in traditional currency values such…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Hakwan Lau , Stephen Tse

An important virtue of distributed ledger technologies is their acclaimed higher level of decentralisation compared to traditional financial systems. Empirical literature, however, suggests that many systems tend towards centralisation as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Lucas Amherd , Sheng-Nan Li , Claudio J. Tessone

Harnessing the transparent blockchain user behavior data, we construct the Political Betting Leaning Score (PBLS) to measure political leanings based on betting within Web3 prediction markets. Focusing on Polymarket and starting from the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Hongzhou Chen , Xiaolin Duan , Abdulmotaleb El Saddik , Wei Cai

Recent theoretical studies have shown that heavy-tails can emerge in stochastic optimization due to `multiplicative noise', even under surprisingly simple settings, such as linear regression with Gaussian data. While these studies have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-06 Mert Gurbuzbalaban , Yuanhan Hu , Umut Simsekli , Kun Yuan , Lingjiong Zhu

The Financial system has witnessed rapid technological changes. The rise of Bitcoin and other crypto assets based on Distributed Ledger Technology mark a fundamental change in the way people transact and transmit value over a decentralized…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-10-02 Arindam Misra

Opening up data produced by the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile devices for public utilization can maximize their economic value. Challenges remain in the trustworthiness of the data sources and the security of the trading process,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yue Li , Ifteher Alom , Wenhai Sun , Yang Xiao
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