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Performance achievable by modern deep learning approaches are directly related to the amount of data used at training time. Unfortunately, the annotation process is notoriously tedious and expensive, especially for pixel-wise tasks like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Pierluigi Zama Ramirez , Alessio Tonioni , Luigi Di Stefano

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt a pre-trained model to a new test domain without access to source data after deployment. Existing approaches typically rely on self-training with pseudo-labels since ground-truth cannot be obtained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Yeonguk Yu , Sungho Shin , Seunghyeok Back , Minhwan Ko , Sangjun Noh , Kyoobin Lee

Segmenting images is critical for visual understanding but demands extensive pixel-level annotations. Foundational models have enabled new paradigms for predicting new classes guided by textual prompts, without annotations from the target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Gabriele Rosi , Fabio Cermelli , Carlo Masone , Barbara Caputo

Source-free test-time adaptation for medical image segmentation aims to enhance the adaptability of segmentation models to diverse and previously unseen test sets of the target domain, which contributes to the generalizability and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yanyu Ye , Zhenxi Zhang , Wei Wei , Chunna Tian

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt a pre-trained model to the target domain in a batch-by-batch manner during inference. While label distributions often exhibit imbalances in real-world scenarios, most previous TTA approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Sunghyun Park , Seunghan Yang , Jaegul Choo , Sungrack Yun

Test time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt deep neural networks when receiving out of distribution test domain samples. In this setting, the model can only access online unlabeled test samples and pre-trained models on the training domains.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Shuai Wang , Daoan Zhang , Zipei Yan , Jianguo Zhang , Rui Li

Pretrained Graph Neural Networks have been widely adopted for various molecular property prediction tasks. Despite their ability to encode structural and relational features of molecules, traditional fine-tuning of such pretrained GNNs on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Vishal Dey , Xia Ning

Text-to-image flow matching transformers degrade sharply in long-tail settings: tail-class outputs collapse in fidelity and diversity, limiting their value as synthetic augmentation for rare conditions. We trace this to low head-versus-tail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Felix Nützel , Mischa Dombrowski , Bernhard Kainz

Pathological image analysis is an important process for detecting abnormalities such as cancer from cell images. However, since the image size is generally very large, the cost of providing detailed annotations is high, which makes it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Shusuke Takahama , Yusuke Kurose , Yusuke Mukuta , Hiroyuki Abe , Akihiko Yoshizawa , Tetsuo Ushiku , Masashi Fukayama , Masanobu Kitagawa , Masaru Kitsuregawa , Tatsuya Harada

With the advance in genome sequencing technology, the lengths of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing results are rapidly increasing at lower prices than ever. However, the longer lengths come at the cost of a heavy computational burden…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Seongyeon Park , Junguk Hong , Jaeyong Song , Hajin Kim , Youngsok Kim , Jinho Lee

Generalising deep models to new data from new centres (termed here domains) remains a challenge. This is largely attributed to shifts in data statistics (domain shifts) between source and unseen domains. Recently, gradient-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Xiao Liu , Spyridon Thermos , Alison O'Neil , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Deep learning models trained on medical images from a source domain (e.g. imaging modality) often fail when deployed on images from a different target domain, despite imaging common anatomical structures. Deep unsupervised domain adaptation…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-14 Cheng Ouyang , Konstantinos Kamnitsas , Carlo Biffi , Jinming Duan , Daniel Rueckert

As research interests in medical image analysis become increasingly fine-grained, the cost for extensive annotation also rises. One feasible way to reduce the cost is to annotate with coarse-grained superclass labels while using limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Linrui Dai , Wenhui Lei , Xiaofan Zhang

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has recently shown strong performance in post-training large language models and vision-language models. It raises a question of whether the GRPO also significantly promotes the test-time adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yujun Li , Hongyuan Zhang , Yuan Yuan

Safety post-training can improve the harmfulness and policy compliance of Large Language Models (LLMs), but it may also reduce general utility, a phenomenon often described as the \emph{alignment tax}. We study this trade-off through the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Guanglong Sun , Siyuan Zhang , Liyuan Wang , Jun Zhu , Hang Su , Yi Zhong

Test-time adaptation (TTA) intends to adapt the pretrained model to test distributions with only unlabeled test data streams. Most of the previous TTA methods have achieved great success on simple test data streams such as independently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Longhui Yuan , Binhui Xie , Shuang Li

Deep learning models are sensitive to domain shift phenomena. A model trained on images from one domain cannot generalise well when tested on images from a different domain, despite capturing similar anatomical structures. It is mainly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Sulaiman Vesal , Mingxuan Gu , Ronak Kosti , Andreas Maier , Nishant Ravikumar

Domain alignment (DA) has been widely used in unsupervised domain adaptation. Many existing DA methods assume that a low source risk, together with the alignment of distributions of source and target, means a low target risk. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Yueming Yin , Zhen Yang , Haifeng Hu , Xiaofu Wu

Test-time adaptation is a promising research direction that allows the source model to adapt itself to changes in data distribution without any supervision. Yet, current methods are usually evaluated on benchmarks that are only a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Damian Sójka , Sebastian Cygert , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Tomasz Trzciński

Test-time adaptation (TTA) refers to adapting neural networks to distribution shifts, with access to only the unlabeled test samples from the new domain at test-time. Prior TTA methods optimize over unsupervised objectives such as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Sachin Goyal , Mingjie Sun , Aditi Raghunathan , Zico Kolter